By LLANESCA T. PANTI, GMA Integrated News
Red Hat Inc. provides open source software solutions to more than 90% of the Fortune 500 companies, including internet service providers, airlines, healthcare companies and commercial banks. The company has been around for more than two decades and is well known for its Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) distribution. Red Hat provides a fully open technology stack, which you can alter to suit your needs – you’re not locked into the vendor’s vision of the software or stack components. Red Hat’s portfolio of products and services also include JBoss middleware, cross-platform virtualization, cloud computing (CloudForms and OpenStack) and much more.
Red Hat offers numerous professional certifications based on its software products, including operating systems, virtualization, storage and cloud-based solutions.
The Red Hat certification program aims at system administrators, engineers, architects, enterprise developers, and application administrators, as well as cloud and virtualization administrators, who use RHEL in their IT infrastructures. The certification program aims to ensure that candidates are proficient in RHEL by requiring them to pass performance-based certification exams. Whereas many certification exams ask multiple choice or fill-in-the-blank questions about specific technologies, Red Hat requires you to perform and complete real-world tasks using Red Hat technologies to pass its exams.
Red Hat traditionally offered certification exams only upon completion of a training course. Now you can take a Red Hat test on your own schedule, outside of training, if you like. Each test session is performed on a secured system in a professionally proctored testing center. These centers are located in select cities throughout the United States, Europe and Asia.
Once you earn a Red Hat certification, you become a Red Hat Certified Professional. This gives you access to Red Hat Certification Central, which allows you to connect with potential employers, join the Red Hat community, create study groups and collaborate on projects. In addition, you can explore Red Hat’s training options and easily schedule individual test sessions. Discounts on recertification exams are offered there as well.
The largest group of Red Hat certifications is geared toward system administrators, engineers and architects. Some of the most popular and sought-after Red Hat certifications reside in this category, such as the Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA), Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) and Red Hat Certified Architect (RHCA).
The RHCA is probably Red Hat’s most versatile credential. In 2018, Red Hat implemented several changes to the RHCA program. The most notable change is that Red Hat now offers two separate RHCA credentials: the Red Hat Certified Architect in Enterprise Applications and the Red Hat Certified Architect in Infrastructure. Over the past year, Red Hat has retired a great many of its credentials, as you can see from the long list of “Retired Certifications” on the company’s All Certifications page. Candidates who have previously passed certification exams that are now retired may still be able to apply those retired certifications to current certification tracks. Check the certification overview page for each certification to find more details.
The RHCSA certification is designed for experienced Red Hat administrators and is required by some organizations to meet U.S. Department of Defense Directive 8570. It’s also a prerequisite credential for the Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE).
Red Hat recommends three training classes to prepare for the RHCSA certification. The Windows admin classes are Red Hat System Administration I (RH124) and Red Hat System Administration II (RH134). Candidates may also take a Linux/UNIX admin class – RHCSA Rapid Track Course RH199 – to prepare for the RHCSA exam.
To obtain RHCSA certification, candidates must pass the 2.5 hour RHCSA test (EX200).
The RHCE certification is geared toward experienced senior system administrators and fulfills requirements of U.S. Department of Defense Directive 8570.
To obtain the RHCE certification, you must first become RHCSA certified. The recommended training for the RHCE certification is based on your skill level. Windows admins with minimal Linux experience should take the Red Hat System Administration I and II (RH124 and RH134) courses, along with the Red Hat System Administration III (RH254) course to prepare for the exam.
Linux or UNIX admins with one to three years of experience should take both the RHCSA Rapid Track Course (RH199) and the Red Hat System Administration III (RH254) courses to prepare for the exam. RHCEs looking to recertify, or candidates who’d like the opportunity to engage in a lab-based review before taking the RHCE exam, should take the RHCE Certification lab (RH299). The certification lab is a four-day, instructor-led opportunity to work through all of the labs from the Red Hat System Administration I, II and III courses, along with the Rapid Track course.
To complete the RHCE certification, you must pass the 3.5-hour RHCE test (EX300), which is currently based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
The RHCA certification is the pinnacle cert in the Red Hat Certification program. Red Hat has changed the RHCA program to be more flexible that previous incarnations of the program, depending on the candidate’s particular areas of interest and expertise. Currently, Red Hat offers two RHCA credentials:
Red Hat recommends certain specific certification combinations to achieve the RHCA in Infrastructure or RHCA in Enterprise Applications. Candidates are free to follow the recommended path or select their own certifications based on their professional interests and requirements.
The RHCA in Enterprise Applications has three recommended certifications combinations: application acceleration, and integration; application automation; or DevOps, containers, and OpenShift. While not required, Red Hat recommends that all candidates obtain the Red Hat Certified Specialist in OpenShift Application Development and Red Hat Certified Specialist in Enterprise Application Server Administrations.
There are four recommended certification combinations for the RHCA in Infrastructure: open hybrid cloud; DevOps, containers, and OpenShift; Red Hat OpenStack Platform; and Linux mastery.
| Certification | No. of Req’d Certifications | Qualifying Certifcations List |
|---|---|---|
| RHCA in Infrastructure | 5 | Complete five certifications from the following (listed by recommended combinations):
Open Hybrid Cloud
DevOps, Containers and OpenShift Red Hat OpenStack Platform Linux Mastery
|
| RHCA in Enterprise Applications | 5 | Complete five certifications exams from the following (listed by certification combinations):
Recommended certifications regardless of certification combination:
Application, Acceleration and Integration
Application Automation
DevOps, Containers and OpenShift
|
The number of recommended training courses varies for each RHCA concentration (RHCS means “Red Hat Certified Specialist” in the preceding table). At present only candidates who’ve already taken the retired exams in the DevOps category can earn RHCA: DevOps (hopefully, Red Hat will rectify this situation, or retire the credential). There is also some overlap in training course recommendations as shown in the table below.
Formerly, Red Hat offered certifications geared toward IT professionals familiar with Red Hat virtualization and cloud technologies. In addition to the RHCA: Cloud (mentioned previously in this article), one could find the Red Hat Certified Virtualization Administrator, Red Hat Certified System Administrator in Red Hat OpenStack and the Red Hat Certified Engineer in Red Hat OpenStack. Today, that last item – namely, RHCE in Red Hat OpenStack – is the only remaining member of this category still available.
The Red Hat Certified Engineer in Red Hat OpenStack focuses on IT professionals who possess the skills necessary to install, deploy, and work with Red Hat Ceph Storage, including creation of block devices for Ceph and integration of services with Ceph Storage devices. In addition, Certified Engineers in Red Hat OpenStack can create and manage devices for virtual networks and use the OpenStack Neutron Service. Candidates must possess the Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) in Red Hat OpenStack Platform 8 to qualify for the credential. In addition to the RHCSA test (EX210), candidates must also pass Red Hat Certified System Engineer in Red Hat OpenStack (EX310), a three-hour performance-based exam. Red Hat recommends that candidates take the Red Hat OpenStack System Administration Red Hat OpenStack Administration I (CL 110), II (CL210) and III (CL310) courses to prepare.
Red Hat offers an extensive training program: in-classroom, online, virtual, remote classroom, onsite team and online learning lab formats are available. Most courses are three to five days in length, depending on delivery format. A remarkably helpful resource is the Red Hat Training Resource Center, which contains links to online tools, references, student guides, a skills assessment and more.
Red Hat now offers the Red Hat Learning Subscription, which gives certification candidates access to a multitude of online, on-demand classes and test prep videos for an annual subscription fee that varies depending on the specific certification you seek. In addition, Red Hat offers multiple ways for you or your company to save on certification and training costs. Browse the Red Hat Ways to Save page for training bundles and success packs.
You can also find lots of third-party study guidebooks to prepare for certification exams. Just search for “Red Hat Certification” on Amazon and be prepared for a lot of results.
Ruri Ranbe has been working as a writer since 2008. She received an A.A. in English literature from Valencia College and is completing a B.S. in computer science at the University of Central Florida. Ranbe also has more than six years of professional information-technology experience, specializing in computer architecture, operating systems, networking, server administration, virtualization and Web design.
Tweakers plaatst functionele en analytische cookies voor het functioneren van de website en het verbeteren van de website-ervaring. Deze cookies zijn noodzakelijk. Om op Tweakers relevantere advertenties te tonen en om ingesloten content van derden te tonen (bijvoorbeeld video's), vragen we je toestemming. Via ingesloten content kunnen derde partijen diensten leveren en verbeteren, bezoekersstatistieken bijhouden, gepersonaliseerde content tonen, gerichte advertenties tonen en gebruikersprofielen opbouwen. Hiervoor worden apparaatgegevens, IP-adres, geolocatie en surfgedrag vastgelegd.
Meer informatie vind je in ons cookiebeleid.
Alexis Rohlin is a professional writer for various websites. She has produced works for Red Anvil Publishing and was one of the top 10 finalists in the 2007 Midnight Hour Short Story Contest for OnceWritten.com. Rohlin holds a Bachelor of Fine Arts in English from Madonna University.
Ever wondered how different funds are set up and why? Do you need assistance figuring out how to procure and spend university funds? You’ve come to the right place. Select the subjects below to learn more.
What are university funds and their common sources?All monies received and expensed by the university:
What are the most common sources of operating funds?
|
How can I spend state vs. local funds?The source of operating funds governs how those funds can be used. State (appropriated) fundsMust be spent in accordance with state policies and procedures. Local university fundsMust be spent in accordance with university policies and procedures. |
What are specific types of state funds?Those funds appropriated by the Commonwealth to support higher education:
|
What are local university funds?Funds received by the university to support its mission that are not appropriated by the state:
|
Gifts and donations
|
Restricted vs unrestrictedDonors can designate gifts in the following ways: RestrictedGiven to the university for a designated purpose (e.g., scholarships, professorship, specific program support). There are minimums associated with each type of restricted fund. In general, there are two types of restrictions:
UnrestrictedGiven to the university for the highest and best purpose (e.g., The Fund for William & Mary) |
Tying funds to the four programsExpenditures for funds must be tied to programs. National standards classify university programs as follows:
|
Educational & General (E&G) subprogramsBased on national accounting standards, E&G Programs are typically those that support the “academic mission” of the institution and are categorized into 7 related “subprograms”
|
Chart of AccountsThe collective rules and classifications of funds, accounts, programs, and indices tied to the university’s organizational structure makes up the university’s Chart of Accounts. For more detailed information on the Chart of Accounts, training is available in Cornerstone. |
How do I procure and spend money?
|
Why can't I spend money directly from a foundation?
|
How do I create a local fund?Identify the unit's source of funding
Budget OfficeThe Budget Office will work with foundation(s) and Data Control to establish in Banner with any necessary (e.g., donor) restrictions. |
Does that mean EVERYTHING has to go through the university?Private gifts and donations at our foundations provide the university with funds that allow us to take our programs and activities to the next level of excellence and provide flexibility to address unique needs. University policies and procedures recognize that there will be instances outside of normal business operations when our foundations may spend money on our behalf. HOWEVER, the intent is for standard program expenses (personnel expenses, standard office supplies and materials, program expenses, business travel, business meals, etc.) to be managed through the university with the foundation providing funds as “revenue” to offset the cost. |
Well, can’t I just “split fund”?The state audits the university to ensure that we are following state and university policies and procedures. If the university has a policy that limits expenditures at a certain level, “split funding” is viewed as a deliberate attempt to work around the policy. In addition, split funding raises the likelihood of an invoice being paid twice. If you have unique instances that “just don’t fit” standard university business, the Office of Finance will work with you to see if it qualifies for a reasonable exception under the university’s policies or whether you should consult with an affiliated foundation to determine whether they can support the activity directly. |
So, how do I spend university dollars to accomplish my business purpose?First question should be, “How do I initiate purchases?”
Procurement TrainingIf you have not completed Fundamentals of Procurement Training, sign up in Cornerstone. Other resourcesPurchasing@W&M and the Procure-to-Pay Matrix Signing ContractsDon't sign contracts unless specifically authorized to do so with a written delegation from SVPFA and/or Provost
|
Purchases less than $5,000These may be handled through eVA (e-Procurement system) or through a small purchase credit card (SPCC). eVA resourcesSPCC resourcesProcurements greater than $5,000 should ALWAYS be directed toProcurement Services. |
Tools for business meals & cateringChrome RiverBusiness meals and Chrome River training are available in Cornerstone. America to Go (ATG)America To Go is the campus's online catering platform for on-campus food needs and is to be used for orders paid with university funds (state or local). |
General expectationsUnits will stay within budget.If an unforeseen event places a unit in jeopardy of meeting budget, the issue should be elevated to the University Budget Office immediately to determine whether there are available resources to mitigate the issue or whether programmatic reduces need to be made. Business units will reconcile all indices at least every 60 days.No index should be in deficit for more than 60 days unless authorized by the Vice President for Finance & Technology. Communicate early and often if there are problems. |
Budget management toolsHow can I see the complete budget picture for my area?Qlik Sense budgets by fund, index and account with transaction information and trends (more functionality to come as tool is more fully developed). If I’ve overspent in a given index/fund, how do I clear the expense?Move the expense to an index with sufficient funds/budget. Recoveries from Foundations should be brought into local funds as revenue to offset expenditures in those funds. Expenses should not be offset using an expenditure recovery account unless that expense is truly being charged somewhere else. If I’ve underspent my E&G funds, can I move expenses from other areas over to “use up” the funds?Business units may not transfer expenditures from local funds to E&G funds. The expectation is that funds are charged originally to the correct fund source. |
Contact a member of the University Operations Office. For Banner training visit Cornerstone and search for “Banner Finance Tools”. You will find guidance on various subjects covering things from looking up budget and expense information, payment information, journal vouchers and more.
Opposition leaders on Monday said that President Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos, Jr.’s second State of the Nation Address (SONA) lacked substance, but pro-administration lawmakers felt otherwise.
“It lacks substance because he even mentioned the lower cost of oil when, in fact, there is an oil price hike tomorrow and oil prices have been increasing since January. He also did not mention about increasing the salary of workers and the teachers,” House Deputy Minority Leader and ACT Teachers Representative France Castro said.
Pump prices will go up again on Tuesday, the second straight week of increases for gasoline and the third for both diesel and kerosene.
“Puro ampaw na pagmamalaki sa mga ni-rebrand na mga lumang proyekto ng kanyang amang diktador tulad ng paggamit sa 'Maharlika,' 'Kadiwa,' 'Bagong Pilipinas' at iba pa pero kulang naman sa mga mga hakbang sa mga pangunahing kahilingan ng mamamayan tulad ng pagpapababa sa presyo ng mga serbisyo at bilihin, pagtaas ng sahod, at iba pa. Band-aid solutions for these problems won't do,” Castro added, referring to some of the administration's most high-profile projects, including the Maharlika Investment Fund, which the President signed into law last week.
At his SONA, Marcos vowed that the controversial wealth fund will be free of "political influence."
House Assistant Minority Leader and Gabriela Representative Arlene Brosas agreed with Castro's statement.
“President Marcos Jr. tried to paint a picture of a strong economy in the Philippines despite the rising prices of food and basic commodities. Ordinary Filipinos are facing inflation rates that haven't been seen in 14 years, high prices amid low wages, and yet the President claims that it is all under control,” Brosas said.
“Ito na ba ang Bagong Pilipinas na ibinibida ng pangulo? 'Tila 'Bangungot na Pilipinas' ang hatid ng gobyerno. Hindi binanggit ang P14 trillion na utang ng gobyerno, mumong sahod ng mga manggagawa, at panibagong dagdag-buwis sa ilalim ng panukalang digitax, excise tax on plastic bags, among others,” she added.
The country's inflation rate slowed down for the fifth straight month in June, easing to 5.4% from a peak of 8.7% in January. The country's debt, meanwhile, surpassed P14 trillion as of end-May, amid ramped-up borrowing to support budgetary requirements and the weakening of the peso.
At his SONA, Marcos also called on lawmakers to push for tax measures under the Medium-Term Fiscal Framework (MTFF) which includes excise tax on single-use plastics, and value-added tax (VAT) on digital services.
Brosas also disputed Marcos Jr.’s description of the Maharlika Investment Fund as a “small fraction from under-utilized funds” to be used to fund the administration's infrastructure projects.
“P500 billion is not a small amount to gamble amid a worsening crisis. This amount can already fund other social services that will benefit the poor. We call on President Marcos Jr. to touch some grass,” she said.
Speaker Martin Romualdez of Leyte, for his part, said the President has set the tone for the country’s progress with his second SONA.
“It is full of substance, and he has assured the people that the government will continue to efficiently deliver government services,” he said.
“He also mentioned going after smugglers and hoarders, and improving PhilHealth. He is really working for us,” Romualdez added.
In his SONA, Marcos vowed a more "efficient" PhilHealth for the Filipino public, as the transfer of the state health insurance system to the Office of the President is mooted.
Laguna lawmaker Dan Fernandez also welcomed the President’s vow to establish more Kadiwa centers, a platform provided by the Department of Agriculture (DA) wherein farmers can directly sell to their consumers.
“He established a solution, and that is Kadiwa. That is 7,000 all over the country, and he is also trying to expand this,” he said.
“This will bring down food prices. I welcome that,” Fernandez added. — BM, GMA Integrated News
