Once you memorize these OGEA-103 Question Bank, you will get 100% marks.
We regarded with our acknowledgment of assisting individuals with breezing through the TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Combined Part 1 and Part 2 assessment of their absolute first endeavor with our most recent, legitimate, and exceptional OGEA-103 test questions and replies. Our prosperity during the beyond two years has been totally heavenly, Thanks to our happy clients who are presently ready to get advancements in their individual associations. killexams.com is the main decision among certificate experts.
OGEA-103 TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Combined Part 1 and Part 2 helper | http://babelouedstory.com/
OGEA-103 helper - TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Combined Part 1 and Part 2 Updated: 2024
Take a review at these OGEA-103 braindumps question and answers
We provide latest and updated OGEA-103 practice exam with genuine OGEA-103 exam Questions and Answers for you to memorize and enjoy passing the exam. Practice our OGEA-103 practice questions to Improve your OGEA-103 knowledge and pass your exam with High Marks. We ensure your accomplishment in the OGEA-103 test, covering each one of the references of exam and develop your Knowledge of the OGEA-103 exam. Pass past any uncertainty with our OGEA-103 braindumps.
Question: 171
Which of the following statements about architecture partitioning are correct*?
1 Partitions are used to simplify the management of the Enterprise Architecture
2 Partitions are equivalent to architecture levels
3 Partitions enable different teams to work on different element of the architecture at the same time.
4 Partitions reflect the organization's structure
A. 2 & 3
B. 1 & 3
C. 1 & 4
D. 2 & 4 Answer: B
Explanation:
Statements 1 and 3 about architecture partitioning are correct. Architecture partitioning is the technique of dividing an
architecture into smaller and more manageable parts that can be developed, maintained, and governed independently.
Partitions are used to simplify the management of the Enterprise Architecture and to enable different teams to work on
different elements of the architecture at the same time. Partitions are not equivalent to architecture levels, which are
different degrees of abstraction or detail in an architecture. Partitions do not necessarily reflect the organizations
structure, which may change over time or differ from the architectures scope and boundaries.
Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 2.5 Architecture Partitioning Question: 172
Complete the following sentence:
Presenting different_________and_________to stakeholders helps architects to extract
hidden agendas principles and requirements that could impact the final Target
Architecture
A. Alternatives Trade-offs
B. Solutions Applications
C. Architecture Views Architecture Viewpoints
D. Business Scenarios Business Models Answer: A
Explanation:
Presenting different alternatives and trade-offs to stakeholders helps architects to extract hidden agendas principles and
requirements that could impact the final Target Architecture. Alternatives are different ways of achieving a desired
$13$10
outcome, while trade-offs are compromises or sacrifices that must be made to choose one alternative over another.
Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.3.1 Business Scenarios. Question: 173
What is presented as striking a balance between positive and negative outcomes resulting from the realization of
either opportunities or threats?
A. Agile development
B. Architecture Security
C. Transition Management
D. Risk Management Answer: D
Explanation:
Risk Management is the process of identifying, assessing, and responding to risks that may affect the achievement of
the enterprises objectives. Risk Management involves balancing positive and negative outcomes resulting from the
realization of either opportunities or threats.
Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.3.3 Risk Management. Question: 174
Refer to the table below:
Which ADM Phase does this describe?
A. Phase A
B. Phase B
C. Preliminary Phase
D. Phase C Answer: B
Explanation:
Phase B of the ADM cycle is the Business Architecture phase. It describes the development of a Business Architecture
$13$10
to support an agreed Architecture Vision. The objectives of this phase are to describe the baseline and target Business
Architecture, identify candidate Architecture Roadmap components based on gaps between the baseline and target, and
determine whether an incremental approach is required.
Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.2.2 Phase B: Business Architecture. Question: 175
Complete the sentence The TOGAF standard covers the development of four architecture domains. Business. Data,
Technology and__________________.
A. Segment
B. Transition
C. Capability
D. Application Answer: D
Explanation:
The TOGAF standard covers the development of four architecture domains: Business, Data, Technology and
Application. These domains represent different aspects of an enterprises architecture and provide a consistent way of
describing, analyzing, and designing them.
Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 2.2 Architecture Development Method
(ADM). Question: 176
Which of the following are the four purposes that typically frame the planning horizon, depth and breadth of an
Architecture Project, and the contents of the EA Repository-?
A. General Foundational Subordinate and Superior Architecture
B. Segment, Capability. Enterprise and End-to-end Target Architecture
C. Avant-Garde Big-Bang, Discreet and Cohesive
D. Strategy Portfolio Project Solution Delivery Answer: B
Explanation:
These four purposes frame the planning horizon, depth, and breadth of an Architecture Project and the contents of the
EA Repository. They help to determine the scope and focus of the enterprise architecture initiative. Question: 177
Which statement best describes iteration and the ADM?
$13$10
A. The ADM is iterative within the first cycle and then between phases
B. The level of detail is defined once and applies to all iterations
C. The ADM is sequential Iteration is applied within phases
D. The ADM is iterative, over the whole process between phases and within phases Answer: D
Explanation:
This statement best describes iteration and the ADM. The ADM is iterative over the whole process between phases
and within phases because it allows for feedback loops and refinements at any point in the architecture development
and transition process. Iteration enables architects to address changing requirements, assumptions, constraints, and
environments; to validate and Improve architectures; to manage risks and issues; and to ensure stakeholder satisfaction
and value realization.
Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.1 Introduction to the ADM. Question: 178
Complete the sentence Business Transformation Readiness Assessment is_________________.
A. a joint effort between corporate staff lines of business and IT planners
B. to ensure the active support of powerful stakeholders
C. a way to put building blocks into context thereby supporting re-usable solutions
D. widely used to validate an architecture that is being developed Answer: A
Explanation:
Business Transformation Readiness Assessment is a joint effort between corporate staff lines of business and IT
planners to evaluate the readiness of the organization to undergo change. It involves assessing factors such as vision,
commitment, capacity, capability, culture, and motivation that may influence the success of a business transformation
initiative.
Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.3.2 Business Transformation Readiness
Assessment. Question: 179
What are the following activities part or?
Initial risk assessment
Risk mitigation and residual risk assessment
Risk monitoring
A. Risk Management
B. Phase A
$13$10
C. Security Architecture
D. Phase C Answer: A
Explanation:
The following activities are part of Risk Management:
Initial risk assessment
Risk mitigation and residual risk assessment
Risk monitoring
Risk Management is the process of identifying, assessing, and responding to risks that may affect the achievement of
the enterprises objectives. Risk Management involves balancing positive and negative outcomes resulting from the
realization of either opportunities or threats.
Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.3.3 Risk Management. Question: 180
Complete the sentence The Enterprise Continuum provides methods for classifying architecture artifacts as they evolve
from________________________.
A. Solutions Architectures to Solution Building Blocks
B. generic architectures to reusable Solution Building Blocks
C. Foundation Architectures to re-usable architecture assets
D. generic architectures to Organization-Specific Architectures Answer: D
Explanation:
The Enterprise Continuum provides methods for classifying architecture artifacts as they evolve from generic
architectures to Organization-Specific Architectures. Generic architectures are architectures that have been developed
for use across a wide range of enterprises with similar characteristics. They provide common models, functions, and
services that can be reused and adapted for specific purposes. Organization-Specific Architectures are architectures that
have been tailored to meet the needs and requirements of a particular enterprise or a major organizational unit within
an enterprise. They reflect the unique vision, goals, culture, structure, processes, systems, and technologies of that
enterprise or unit.
Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 2.3 Enterprise Continuum.
$13$10
The-Open-Group Architecture helper - BingNews
https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/OGEA-103
Search resultsThe-Open-Group Architecture helper - BingNews
https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/OGEA-103
https://killexams.com/exam_list/The-Open-GroupOPEN Architecture: The Latest Architecture and News
More than 80,000 votes were cast over the last two weeks and, after careful review, the results of the 2019 ArchDaily Building of the Year Awards presented by Unreal are in. Building of the Year, which itself celebrated ten years this year, is the largest peer-based crowdsourced architecture award in the world, showcasing the projects chosen by you, our readers, as the most significant of the year.
This is no mean feat. More than 4000 projects were in contention this year, challenging readers to carefully consider a wide variety of projects across type, scale, and location. 4000 projects were whittled to 75 finalists; 75 have now been reduced to the 15 winners - one for each typological category.
The results are as diverse as the architecture itself. Well-known names are, as in years past, present among the bunch, among them Zaha Hadid Architects, MVRDV, and Heatherwick Studio. For London-based Heatherwick, their win marks the second consecutive year they have taken top honors for a refurbishment-based project. But less-renowned names dominate the ranks of the winners this year. Innocad’s serenely simple office building for a real estate company elevates what corporate architecture can be while the technical and material mastery of Sameep Padora’s Maya Somaiya Library is enough to make any architect look twice. The library is, in fact, one of two Indian projects to take top honors this year - a strong first year showing for the nation whose design talent seems finally to be coming to the fore.
But for all their many beautiful differences, the winners share a crucial element in common: they represent the values of our mission, to bring inspiration, knowledge, and tools to architects everywhere. Building of the Year - indeed, ArchDaily itself - would not be possible without the generosity of firms and readers as invested in our mission as we are. We give our profound thanks to all who participated this year, no matter the form. Congratulations to all the winners!
Mon, 02 Oct 2023 12:00:00 -0500en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.archdaily.com/tag/open-architectureTop 90 Retail Architecture Firms
Top 90 Retail Architecture Firms
Gensler, GreenbergFarrow, and MG2 top Building Design+Construction’s annual ranking of the nation’s largest retail sector architecture and A/E firms, as reported in the 2016 Giants 300 Report.
In Athens, Greece, Lamda Development has launched Little Athens, the latest residential neighborhood at the Ellinikon, a multiuse development billed as a smart city. Bjarke Ingels Group's 50-meter Park Rise building will serve as Little Athens’ centerpiece.
Demographic and economic shifts, along with work and lifestyle changes, have made apartment living preferable for a wider range of buyers and renters. These top 10 trends in multifamily housing come from BD+C's 2023 Multifamily Annual Report.
Gensler, Stantec, HDR, Corgan, and PBK Architects top BD+C's ranking of the nation's largest building reconstruction/renovation architecture and architecture engineering (AE) firms for 2023, as reported in the 2023 Giants 400 Report.
For most of human history, design has mostly considered “typical users” who are fully able-bodied without clinical or emotional disabilities. The problem with this approach is that it offers a limited perspective on how space can positively or negatively influence someone based on their physical, mental, and sensory abilities.
Gensler, WATG, HKS, DLR Group, and HBG Design top BD+C's ranking of the nation's largest hotel and resort architecture and architecture/engineering (AE) firms for 2023, as reported in Building Design+Construction's 2023 Giants 400 Report.
Americans are abandoning areas of high flood risk in significant numbers, according to research by the First Street Foundation. Climate Abandonment Areas account for more than 818,000 Census Blocks and lost a total of 3.2 million-plus residents due to flooding from 2000 to 2020, the study found.
New York City Mayor Eric Adams is expected to cut red tape to make it easier and less costly to build housing projects in the city. Adams would exempt projects with fewer than 175 units in low-density residential areas and those with fewer than 250 units in commercial, manufacturing, and medium- and high-density residential areas from environmental review.
The Design-Build Institute of America (DBIA) has released two new resources offering guidance and provisions on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) on design-build projects.
ICAST (International Center for Appropriate and Sustainable Technology) has released a resource guide to help multifamily owners and managers, policymakers, utilities, energy efficiency program implementers, and others advance the deployment of VHE heat pump HVAC and water heaters in multifamily housing.
WSP has released a scenario-planning online game to help organizations achieve sustainable development goals while expanding awareness about climate change.
In Athens, Greece, Lamda Development has launched Little Athens, the latest residential neighborhood at the Ellinikon, a multiuse development billed as a smart city. Bjarke Ingels Group's 50-meter Park Rise building will serve as Little Athens’ centerpiece.
Demographic and economic shifts, along with work and lifestyle changes, have made apartment living preferable for a wider range of buyers and renters. These top 10 trends in multifamily housing come from BD+C's 2023 Multifamily Annual Report.
Gensler, Stantec, HDR, Corgan, and PBK Architects top BD+C's ranking of the nation's largest building reconstruction/renovation architecture and architecture engineering (AE) firms for 2023, as reported in the 2023 Giants 400 Report.
For most of human history, design has mostly considered “typical users” who are fully able-bodied without clinical or emotional disabilities. The problem with this approach is that it offers a limited perspective on how space can positively or negatively influence someone based on their physical, mental, and sensory abilities.
Tue, 09 Aug 2016 12:00:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://www.bdcnetwork.com/top-90-retail-architecture-firmsSmart Africa and The Open Group Join Forces to Formulate a Government Enterprise Architecture Guide for AfricaNo result found, try new keyword!By working together, The Open Group and the Smart Africa alliance will aim to promote, guide, and build capabilities on the development of a cohesive Government Enterprise Architecture framework.Mon, 20 Nov 2023 22:06:00 -0600en-ustext/htmlhttps://www.msn.com/Can traditional architecture help build a ‘more resilient future’?No result found, try new keyword!Suva, Fiji – From the Arctic to the Pacific, Indigenous communities have used unique design and building techniques for millennia to help them ... traditional architecture’s potential is ...Wed, 06 Dec 2023 10:33:00 -0600en-ustext/htmlhttps://www.msn.com/Top 50 Sports Facility Architecture Firms
Top 50 Sports Facility Architecture Firms
Populous, HKS, and HOK top Building Design+Construction’s annual ranking of the nation’s largest sports facility sector architecture and A/E firms, as reported in the 2016 Giants 300 Report.
By BD+C Staff |August 15, 2016
The Pavilion at Ole Miss, Oxford, Miss. AECOM (architect) and BL Harbert International (GC). Image courtesy of AECOM.
In Athens, Greece, Lamda Development has launched Little Athens, the latest residential neighborhood at the Ellinikon, a multiuse development billed as a smart city. Bjarke Ingels Group's 50-meter Park Rise building will serve as Little Athens’ centerpiece.
Demographic and economic shifts, along with work and lifestyle changes, have made apartment living preferable for a wider range of buyers and renters. These top 10 trends in multifamily housing come from BD+C's 2023 Multifamily Annual Report.
Gensler, Stantec, HDR, Corgan, and PBK Architects top BD+C's ranking of the nation's largest building reconstruction/renovation architecture and architecture engineering (AE) firms for 2023, as reported in the 2023 Giants 400 Report.
For most of human history, design has mostly considered “typical users” who are fully able-bodied without clinical or emotional disabilities. The problem with this approach is that it offers a limited perspective on how space can positively or negatively influence someone based on their physical, mental, and sensory abilities.
Gensler, WATG, HKS, DLR Group, and HBG Design top BD+C's ranking of the nation's largest hotel and resort architecture and architecture/engineering (AE) firms for 2023, as reported in Building Design+Construction's 2023 Giants 400 Report.
Americans are abandoning areas of high flood risk in significant numbers, according to research by the First Street Foundation. Climate Abandonment Areas account for more than 818,000 Census Blocks and lost a total of 3.2 million-plus residents due to flooding from 2000 to 2020, the study found.
New York City Mayor Eric Adams is expected to cut red tape to make it easier and less costly to build housing projects in the city. Adams would exempt projects with fewer than 175 units in low-density residential areas and those with fewer than 250 units in commercial, manufacturing, and medium- and high-density residential areas from environmental review.
The Design-Build Institute of America (DBIA) has released two new resources offering guidance and provisions on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) on design-build projects.
ICAST (International Center for Appropriate and Sustainable Technology) has released a resource guide to help multifamily owners and managers, policymakers, utilities, energy efficiency program implementers, and others advance the deployment of VHE heat pump HVAC and water heaters in multifamily housing.
WSP has released a scenario-planning online game to help organizations achieve sustainable development goals while expanding awareness about climate change.
In Athens, Greece, Lamda Development has launched Little Athens, the latest residential neighborhood at the Ellinikon, a multiuse development billed as a smart city. Bjarke Ingels Group's 50-meter Park Rise building will serve as Little Athens’ centerpiece.
Demographic and economic shifts, along with work and lifestyle changes, have made apartment living preferable for a wider range of buyers and renters. These top 10 trends in multifamily housing come from BD+C's 2023 Multifamily Annual Report.
Gensler, Stantec, HDR, Corgan, and PBK Architects top BD+C's ranking of the nation's largest building reconstruction/renovation architecture and architecture engineering (AE) firms for 2023, as reported in the 2023 Giants 400 Report.
For most of human history, design has mostly considered “typical users” who are fully able-bodied without clinical or emotional disabilities. The problem with this approach is that it offers a limited perspective on how space can positively or negatively influence someone based on their physical, mental, and sensory abilities.
Sun, 14 Aug 2016 12:00:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://www.bdcnetwork.com/top-50-sports-facility-architecture-firmsThe Open Process Automation Standard takes flight
By Dave Emerson
Cover Story
Summary
Fast Forward
OPAF, under the guidance of The Open Group, has developed the O-PAS Standard, Version 1.0.
The standard defines minimum requirements for components that can be used to create federated process automation systems with an open and interoperable reference architecture.
O-PAS Version 1.0 was released in January 2019 as a preliminary standard of The Open Group; OPAF will incorporate industry feedback after an interoperability workshop this June.
A detailed look at O-PAS™ Standard, Version 1.0
By Dave Emerson
Process automation end users and suppliers have expressed interest in a standard that will make the industry much more open and modular. In response, the Open Process Automation™ Forum (OPAF) has worked diligently at this task since November 2016 to develop process automation standards. The scope of the initiative is wide-reaching, as it aims to address the issues associated with the process automation systems found in most industrial automation plants and facilities today (figure 1).
It is easy to see why a variety of end users and suppliers are involved in the project, because the following systems are affected:
manufacturing execution system (MES)
distributed control system (DCS)
human-machine interface (HMI)
programmable logic controller (PLC)
input/output (I/O)
In June 2018, OPAF released a technical reference model (TRM) snapshot as industry guidance of the technical direction being taken for the development of this new standard. The organization followed the TRM snapshot with the release of the OPAS™ Version 1.0 in January 2019. Version 1.0 addresses the interoperability of components in federated process automation systems. This is a first stop along a three-year road map with annual releases targeting the themes listed in table 1.
Table 1. The O-PAS Standard three-year release road map addresses progressively more detailed themes.
Version
Target date
Theme
1.0
2019
Interoperability
2.0
2020
Configuration portability
3.0
2021
Application portability
By publishing versions of the standard annually, OPAF intends to make its work available to industry expeditiously. This will allow suppliers to start building products and returning feedback on technical issues, and this feedback-along with end user input-will steer OPAS development. O-PAS Version 1.0 was released as a preliminary standard of The Open Group to allow time for industry feedback.
The OPAF interoperability workshop in May 2019 is expected to produce feedback to help finalize the standard. The workshop allows member organizations to bring hardware and software that support O-PAS Version 1.0, testing it to verify the correctness and clarity of this preliminary standard. The results will not be published but will be used to update and finalize the standard.
Figure 1. A broad sampling of suppliers and end users are highly interested in the scope of the OPAS under development by OPAF, because it touches on all the key components of industrial automation systems: hardware (I/O), the communication network, system software (e.g., run time, namespace), application software, and the data model.
Some terminology
For clarity, a summary of the terminology associated with the OPAF initiative is:
The Open Group: The Open Group is a global consortium that helps organizations achieve business objectives through technology standards. The membership of more than 625 organizations includes customers, systems and solutions suppliers, tool vendors, integrators, academics, and consultants across multiple industries.
Open Process Automation Forum: OPAF is an international forum of end users, system integrators, suppliers, academia, and other standards organizations working together to develop a standards-based, open, secure, and interoperable process control architecture. Open Process Automation is a trademark of The Open Group.
O-PAS Standard, Version 1.0 (O-PAS): OPAF is producing the OPAS Standard under the guidance of The Open Group to define a vendor-neutral reference architecture for construction of scalable, reliable, interoperable, and secure process automation systems.
Standard of standards
Creating a "standard of standards" for open, interoperable, and secure automation is a complex undertaking. OPAF intends to speed up the process by leveraging the valuable work of various groups in a confederated manner.
The OPAS Standard will reference existing and applicable standards where possible. Where gaps are identified, OPAF will work with associated organizations to update the underlying standard or add OPAS requirements to achieve proper definition. Therefore, OPAF has already established liaison agreements with the following organizations:
Control System Integrators Association (CSIA)
Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF), specifically for the Redfish API
FieldComm Group
Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC)
International Society of Automation (ISA)
NAMUR
OPC Foundation
PLCopen
ZVEI
Additionally, OPAF is in discussions with AutomationML and the ISA Security Compliance Institute (ISCI) as an ISA/IEC 62443 validation authority. In addition to these groups, the OPC Foundation has joined OPAF as a member, so no liaison agreement is required.
As an example of this cooperation in practice, OPAS Version 1.0 was created with significant input from three existing standards, including:
ISA/IEC 62443 (adopted by IEC as IEC 62443) for security
OPC UA adopted by IEC as IEC 62541 for connectivity
DMTF Redfish for systems management (see www.dmtf.org/standards/redfish)
Next step: Configuration portability
Configuration portability, now under development for OPAS Version 2.0, will address the requirement to move control strategies among different automation components and systems. This has been identified by end users as a requirement to allow their intellectual property (IP), in the form of control strategies, to be portable. Existing standards under evaluation for use in Version 2.0 include:
IEC 61131-3 for control functions
IEC 16499 for execution coordination
IEC 61804 for function blocks
O-PAS Version 3.0 will address application portability, which is the ability to take applications purchased from software suppliers and move them among systems within a company in accordance with applicable licenses. This release will also include the first specifications for hardware interfaces.
Under the OPAS hood
The five parts that make up O-PAS Version 1.0 are listed below with a brief summary of how compliance will be Verified (if applicable):
Part 1 — Technical Architecture Overview (informative)
Part 2 — Security (informative)
Part 3 — Profiles
Part 4 — Connectivity Framework (OCF)
Part 5 — System Management
Part 1 - Technical Architecture Overview (informative) describes an OPAS-conformant system through a set of interfaces to the components. Read this section to understand the technical approach OPAF is following to create the O-PAS.
Part 2 - Security (informative) addresses the necessary cybersecurity functionality of components that are conformant to OPAS. It is important to point out that security is built into the standard and permeates it, as opposed to being bolted on as an afterthought. This part of the standard is an explanation of the security principles and guidelines that are built into the interfaces. More specific security requirements are detailed in normative parts of the standards. The detailed normative interface specifications are defined in Parts 3, 4, and 5. These parts also contain the associated conformance criteria.
Part 3 - Profiles defines sets of hardware and software interfaces for which OPAF will develop conformance tests to make sure products interoperate properly. The O-PAS Version 1 profiles are:
Level 1 Interoperability Hardware Profile: A certified product claiming conformance to this profile shall implement OSM-Redfish.
Level 2 Interoperability Hardware Profile: A certified product claiming conformance to this profile shall implement OSM-Redfish BMC.
Level 1 Interoperability Software Profile: Software claiming conformance to this profile shall implement OCF-001: OPC UA Client/Server Profile.
Level 2 Interoperability Software Profile: Software claiming conformance to this profile shall implement OCF-002: OPC UA Client/Server and Pub/Sub Profile.
The term "Level" in the profile names refers to profile levels.
Part 4 - Connectivity Framework (OCF) forms the interoperable core of the system. The OCF is more than just a network, it is the underlying structure allowing disparate components to interoperate as a system. The OCF will use OPC UA for OPAS Versions 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0.
Part 5 - System Management covers foundational functionality and interface standards to allow the management and monitoring of components using a common interface. This part will address hardware, operating systems and platform software, applications, and networks-although at this point Version 1.0 only addresses hardware management.
Conformance criteria are identified by the verb "shall" within the O-PAS text. An OPAF committee is working on a conformance guide document that will be published later this year, which explains the conformance program and requirements for suppliers to obtain a certification of conformance.
Technical architecture
The OPAS Standard supports communication interactions that are required within a service-oriented architecture (SOA) for automation systems by outlining the specific interfaces the hardware and software components will use. These components will be used to architect, build, and start up automation systems for end users.
The vision for the OPAS Standard is to allow the interfaces to be used in an unlimited number of architectures, thereby enabling each process automation system to be "fit for purpose" to meet specific objectives. The standard will not define a system architecture, but it will use examples to illustrate how the component-level interfaces are intended to be used. System architectures (figure 2) contain the following elements:
Distributed control node (DCN): A DCN is expected to be a microprocessor-based controller, I/O, or gateway device that can handle inputs and outputs and computing functions. A key feature of O-PAS is that hardware and control software are decoupled. So, the exact function of any single DCN is up to the system architect. A DCN consists of hardware and some system software that enables the DCN to communicate on the O-PAS network, called the OCF, and also allows it to run control software.
Distributed control platform (DCP): A DCP is the hardware and standard software interfaces required in all DCNs. The standard software interfaces are a common platform on top of which control software programs run. This provides the physical infrastructure and interchangeability capability so end users can control software and hardware from multiple suppliers.
Distributed control framework (DCF): A DCF is the standard set of software interfaces that provides an environment for executing applications, such as control software. The DCF is a layer on top of the DCP that provides applications with a consistent set of O-PAS related functions no matter which DCN they run in. This is important for creating an efficient marketplace for O-PAS applications.
OPAS connectivity framework (OCF): The OCF is a royalty-free, secure, and interoperable communication framework specification. In O-PAS Version 1, the OCF uses OPC UA.
Advanced computing platform (ACP): An ACP is a computing platform that implements DCN functionality but has scalable computing resources (memory, disk, CPU cores) to handle applications or services that require more resources than are typically available on a small profile DCP. ACPs may also be used for applications that cannot be easily or efficiently distributed. ACPs are envisioned to be installed within on-premise servers or clouds.
Within the OPAS Standard, DCNs represent a fundamental computing building block (figure 3). They may be hardware or virtual (when virtual they are shown as a DCF as in figure 2), big or small, with no I/O or various amounts. At the moment, allowable I/O density per DCN is not settled, so some standardization in conjunction with the market may drive the final configuration.
DCNs also act as a gateway to other networks or systems, such as legacy systems, wireless gateways, digital field networks, I/O, and controllers like DCS or PLC systems. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices can also be accessed via any of these systems.
Figure 2. OPAS establishes a system architecture organizing process automation elements into interoperable groupings.
Building a system
End users today must work with and integrate multiple systems in most every process plant or facility. Therefore, the OPAS Standard was designed so users can construct systems from components and subsystems supplied by multiple vendors, without requiring custom integration. With the OPAS Standard it becomes feasible to assimilate multiple systems, enabling them to work together as one OPAS-compliant whole. This reduces work on capital projects and during the lifetime of the facility or plant, leading to a lower total cost of ownership.
By decoupling hardware and software and employing an SOA, the necessary software functions can be situated in many different locations or processors. Not only can software applications run in all hardware, but they can also access any I/O to increase flexibility when designing a system.
One set of components can be used to create many different systems using centralized architectures, distributed architectures, or a hybrid of the two. System sizes may range from small to large and can include best-in-class elements of DCS, PLC, SCADA, and IIoT systems and devices as needed.
Information technology (IT) can also be incorporated deeper into industrial automation operational technology (OT). For example, DMTF Redfish is an IT technology for securely managing data center platforms. OPAF is adopting this technology to meet OPAS system management requirements.
Comprehensive and open
Each industrial automation provider offers a variety of devices and systems, most of which are proprietary and incompatible with similar products from other vendors and sometimes with earlier versions of their own products. End users and system integrators trying to integrate automation systems of varying vintages from different suppliers therefore have a challenging job.
To address these issues, OPAF is making great strides toward assembling a comprehensive, open process automation standard. Partially built on other established industry standards, and extending to incorporate most aspects of industrial automation, the O-PAS Standard will greatly Improve interoperability among industrial automation systems and components. This will lower implementation and support costs for end users, while allowing vendors to innovate around an open standard.
Figure 3. DCNs are conceived as modular elements containing DCP (hardware) and DCF (software), both of which are used to interface field devices to the OCF.
Reader Feedback
We want to hear from you! Please send us your comments and questions about this syllabu to InTechmagazine@isa.org.
Thu, 06 Jun 2019 04:53:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://www.isa.org/intech-home/2019/may-june/features/the-open-process-automation-standard-takes-flightOpen scoring in architecture
Yeoryia Manolopoulou, University College London
Awards RIBA President's Awards for Research 2020 Category Design and Technical
This project draws on research in chance-aided design, expanding the field of inquiry from the individual to the collective. It focuses on the complex cognitive and productive possibilities that emerge within a group of designers who welcome plurality and performance in their practice via the use of an architectural score. Scores use textual, pictorial or numeric notations to describe and structure a process that occurs over time. Whilst linear scores specify an ordered sequence of events, open scores are less-hierarchical and can allow participants to invent and adapt the units and relations of an ensemble temporally and spatially. What is the creative and social potential of the score in architectural practice and pedagogy? Through an examination of an architectural score and workshop that I developed for the Université du Québec à Montréal, named Lattice, and an exploration of the ideas underpinning it, I will show that one of the advantages of open scoring in architecture is the way in which it encourages both autonomy and collaboration, increasing the range of ideas, experiences and opportunities available to designers. The work invents and proposes a pedagogic method that grounds design on a condition of social experience and shared authorship. By foregrounding the process rather than the outcome in architectural design; by opening up this process to a social embodiment of time between actors, materials and tools; and by deliberately acknowledging its production within a collective, open scoring in architecture has the capacity to fundamentally change the ways in which architecture is taught and practiced as a social activity and understood as a social artefact.
Thu, 17 Dec 2020 23:42:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/awards/riba-presidents-awards-for-research/2020/open-scoring-in-architectureOpen RAN slowed to a crawl in 2023
SDxCentral employs cookies to Improve your experience on our site, to analyze traffic and performance, and to serve personalized content and advertising relevant to your professional interests. You can manage your preferences at any time. View our Privacy Policy for more information.
Thu, 28 Dec 2023 20:00:00 -0600en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/analysis/open-ran-slowed-to-a-crawl-in-2023/2023/12/Smart Africa and The Open Group Join Forces to Formulate a Government Enterprise Architecture Guide for Africa
KIGALI, Rwanda — In a significant stride toward advancing its digital economy initiatives, the Smart Africa alliance and The Open Group have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop a unified Enterprise Architecture guide for the African continent.
Article content
By working together, The Open Group and the Smart Africa alliance will aim to promote, guide, and build capabilities on the development of a cohesive Government Enterprise Architecture framework. Both organizations will collaborate to conduct a nationwide survey and host focus groups to comprehensively grasp the present status of Government Enterprise Architecture within the member states.
Article content
They will also jointly devise a strategy for enhancing capabilities and proposing targeted actions pertaining to Government Enterprise Architecture and associated domains to foster capacity development.
This partnership emphasizes the Smart Africa central objective to pave the way for a unified single digital market.
Commenting on the partnership, Mr. Lacina Koné, CEO of Smart Africa, highlighted: “Another key step towards achieving a single digital market in Africa has been made by joining forces with The Open Group today to build a Government Enterprise Architecture guide for the continent. This is another testament of our multi-stakeholder approach.”
“Global collaboration is at the heart of The Open Group, and we’re delighted to be partnering with Smart Africa to advance digital transformation practices on the continent. Our partnership will bring together the collective expertise of our Members as we aim to accentuate architecture-based approaches to digital transformation in order to form a single, open, digital market,” said Steve Nunn, President and CEO of The Open Group.
This strategic partnership is a milestone in the ongoing commitment of both organizations to propel the digital transformation journey of the African continent. The collaboration will leverage their collective expertise, resources, and networks to create a significant and lasting impact on the region.
About Smart Africa
Smart Africa is an alliance of 39 African countries, international organisations and global private sector players tasked with Africa’s digital agenda. The alliance is empowered by a bold and innovative commitment by African Heads of State to accelerate sustainable socio-economic development on the continent and usher Africa into the knowledge economy through affordable access to broadband and the use of ICTs. With a vision to create a single digital market in Africa by 2030, the Smart Africa Alliance brings together Heads of State who seek to accelerate the digitalization of the continent and create a common market. Launched in 2013 by seven (7) African Heads of State, the Alliance now has 39 member countries, representing over 1 billion people and over 50 Private Sector members committed to the vision and the advancement of Africa. (Partners of the Smart Africa Alliance include the African Union, the ITU, World Bank, the African Development Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission of Africa, the GSMA, ICANN and Companies.)
Share this article in your social network
Mon, 20 Nov 2023 10:00:00 -0600en-CAtext/htmlhttps://financialpost.com/pmn/business-wire-news-releases-pmn/smart-africa-and-the-open-group-join-forces-to-formulate-a-government-enterprise-architecture-guide-for-africa
