Hope ’23 Graduate Completes Marine Corps Officer Candidates’ School
Posted by Fred JohnsonWritten by Fred L. Johnson III, Ph.D., Twelve weeks of relentless pounding by Virginia’s brutal...
Read MoreThis tutorial will show you how to clear Update History in Windows 11 or Windows 10. From time to time, Windows 11/10 brings quality updates, driver updates, and other updates, and the list of all the installed or failed updates is visible in the update history page.
In Windows 11 it appears as follows:
In Windows 10 it appears as follows:
You can easily look for your Windows Update History to get information about all those updates present on that list. If you want to remove the entire update history in Windows 11/10, then you can use any of the methods that have been covered in this post.
In the image above, you can see before and after comparison. Earlier, the list of all updates is visible in the update history page, and later the list is cleared.
This post talks of three ways to remove Windows 11 or Windows 10 update history:
Open Command Prompt as administrator and run this command first to stop Windows Update Service from running:
net stop wuauserv
Execute the second command:
del C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\DataStore\Logs\edb.log
It deletes a log file containing the Update history of Windows 11/10.
Use this command to restart Windows 11/10 update service again:
net start wuauserv
If this option doesn’t clear the entire update history, then you can try the next two options.
The DataStore folder contains log files related to update history. Access that folder and delete those files to clear the entire update history. Before that, you need to stop Windows Update service. You can do that using the first command mentioned in the above option.
After that, use this path:
C: > Windows > SoftwareDistribution > DataStore
Under DataStore folder, select DataStore.edb file and Logs folder, and delete them.
It will remove all update history.
Now you need to run the same Windows Update service again. For that, use the last command mentioned in the above Command Prompt option.
Open Notepad and then paste the following script content in Notepad:
@echo off powershell -windowstyle hidden -command "Start-Process cmd -ArgumentList '/s,/c,net stop usosvc & net stop wuauserv & del %systemroot%\SoftwareDistribution\DataStore\Logs\edb.log & del /f /q C:\ProgramData\USOPrivate\UpdateStore\* & net start usosvc & net start wuauserv & UsoClient.exe RefreshSettings' -Verb runAs"
Use Save as option in the File menu of Notepad.
The Save as window will open. Now you can select the output folder and save that file as clearupdatehistory.bat file. You can set any name but the file extension must be *.bat.
Double-click that BAT file. If a UAC prompt appears, press Yes button.
This will execute the BAT script, stop running Update Orchestrator service and Windows Service, clear log and other files, and restart the stopped services.
Now you will see that the Windows Update History has been cleared.
Hope these options will help you remove Update History in your Windows 11/10 PC.
Yes, you can delete update history in Windows 11 and Windows 10 computers. There are multiple ways to delete it from your computer. For example, you can use the commands in an elevated Command Prompt/Windows Terminal prompt, delete files from the File Explorer, etc. Either way, it does the same thing on your PC.
Yes, you can delete Windows Update log files from your computer. There are three ways to remove the log files – using File Explorer, creating a BAT file, and using Command Prompt. If you get a problem deleting the log files using File Explorer, you can remove them using the BAT file.
If you want to clear Windows Search or device search history, then this article will guide you through the steps. You can delete the Taskbar search history from Windows Settings. It is also possible to turn off the search history collection from Registry Editor too.
Whenever you search for an app or anything else using the Taskbar search box, Windows stores the information. It does that to provide better and quicker information by adopting your search behavior. Also, it shows the accurate search items when you press Win+S or click on the Taskbar search box. For instance, if you have searched for Notepad recently, you can find it when you click on this search icon or box. If you do not want to keep this information visible, here is what you can do to make it disappear.
In Windows 11, the steps to clear the search history and remove accurate activities are different from Windows 10. We have listed these steps below:
If you do not want Windows 11 to store your search history on your device, you can turn off the Search history on this device button.
To clear device search history in Windows 10, follow these steps-
First, you have to open Windows Settings on your computer. Press Win+I to open it quickly.
After that, click on the Search option and make sure you are in the Permissions & History tab.
Here you will find a heading called History. If so, click on the Clear device search history button.
Now, your Windows Search history has been removed.
For confirmation, you can click on the Taskbar search box to check if Recent items are available or not. If not, it has been removed.
In case you want to prevent Windows 10 from keeping the search history locally, you can click on the toggle to turn it Off.
You can also use Registry Editor to prevent Windows 11/10 from saving your search history. Before getting started with the Registry Editor process, it is recommended to create a System Restore point.
Now, press Win+R, type regedit
, and hit the Enter button.
Click the Yes button in the UAC prompt to open Registry Editor.
After that, navigate to this path-
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\SearchSettings
Right-click on SearchSettings > New > DWORD (32-bit) Value and name it as IsDeviceSearchHistoryEnabled.
Keep the Value data as 0. If it is already there, double-click on it to the Value data as 0.
Click the OK button to save the change.
If you want Windows 11/10 to save your search history, change the Value data from 0 to 1.
Now, Windows won’t store the Windows Search history locally.
Hope it helps.
Quick Access is a placeholder where you can pin the most recently used files and folders for easy access. You can unpin the files and folders from Quick Access anytime. For this, right-click on the file and folder that you want to remove and select Remove from Quick Access.
Do note that removing the files and folders from Quick Access will not clear your Windows Search history. You have to follow the steps described above in this article to clear your Search History on Windows 11/10.
Removing the files and folders from Quick Access does not delete them from your system. Your files remain stored in the directory where you have saved them.
The Smithsonian Institution was established with funds from James Smithson (1765–1829), a British scientist who left his estate to the United States to found “at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge.” On August 10, 1846, the U.S. Senate passed the act organizing the Smithsonian Institution, which was signed into law by President James K. Polk.
Congress authorized acceptance of the Smithson bequest on July 1, 1836, but it took another ten years of debate before the Smithsonian was founded. Once established, the Smithsonian became part of the process of developing an American national identity—an identity rooted in exploration, innovation, and a unique American style. That process continues today as the Smithsonian looks toward the future.
Smithson, the illegitimate child of a wealthy Englishman, had traveled much during his life, but had never once set foot on American soil. Why, then, would he decide to provide the entirety of his sizable estate—which totaled half a million dollars, or 1/66 of the United States' entire federal budget at the time—to a country that was foreign to him?
Some speculate it was because he was denied his father's legacy. Others argue that he was inspired by the United States' experiment with democracy. Some attribute his philanthropy to ideals inspired by such organizations as the Royal Institution, which was dedicated to using scientific knowledge to Excellerate human conditions. Smithson never wrote about or discussed his bequest with friends or colleagues, so we are left to speculate on the ideals and motivations of a gift that has had such significant impact on the arts, humanities, and sciences in the United States.
Visitors can pay homage to Smithson with a visit to his crypt, located on the first floor of the Smithsonian Castle.
Learn more about James Smithson »
Smithson died in 1829, and six years later, President Andrew Jackson announced the bequest to Congress. On July 1, 1836, Congress accepted the legacy bequeathed to the nation and pledged the faith of the United States to the charitable trust. In September 1838, Smithson's legacy, which amounted to more than 100,000 gold sovereigns, was delivered to the mint at Philadelphia. Recoined in U.S. currency, the gift amounted to more than $500,000.
After eight years of sometimes heated debate, an Act of Congress signed by President James K. Polk on Aug. 10, 1846, established the Smithsonian Institution as a trust to be administered by a Board of Regents and a Secretary of the Smithsonian. Since its founding, more than 175 years ago, the Smithsonian has become the world's largest museum, education, and research complex, with 21 museums, the National Zoo, and nine research facilities.
Learn more about our history from Smithsonian Institution Archives »
Architectural History & Historic Preservation Division »
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The history of Las Vegas is the ultimate American rags-to-riches story, filled with unusual heroes and foes. This 103-year-old saga follows the city through its incredible ups and downs, and highlights how and where some of the U.S.’s most monumental moments occurred. The largest American city founded in the 20th century took shape as a railroad watering hole before turning into the "Gateway to the Hoover Dam." From there the town was known by its seedy mob label as “Sin City,” before finally transforming into the corporately-financed adult playground called the "Entertainment Capital of the World." Continue...
If risk is like a lump of smoldering coal that may spark a fire at any moment, insurance is civilization's fire extinguisher. The main concept of insurance—that of spreading risk among many—is as old as human existence.
Whether it was hunting giant elk in a group to spread the risk of being the one gored to death or shipping cargo in several different caravans to avoid losing the whole shipment to a marauding tribe, people have always been wary of risk. Countries and their citizens need to spread risk among large numbers of people and move it to entities that can handle it. This is how insurance emerged.
The concept of insurance dates back to around 1750 B.C. with the Code of Hammurabi, which Babylonians carved into a stone monument and several clay tablets. The code describes a form of bottomry, whereby a ship’s cargo could be pledged in exchange for a loan. Repayment of the loan was contingent on a successful voyage, and the debtor did not have to repay the loan if the ship was lost at sea.
In the Middle Ages, most craftsmen were trained through the guild system. Apprentices spent their childhoods working for masters for little or no pay. Once they became masters themselves, they paid dues to the guild and trained their own apprentices.
The wealthier guilds had large coffers that acted as a type of insurance fund. If a master's practice burned down—a common occurrence in the largely wooden cities of medieval Europe—the guild would rebuild it using money from its own funds. If a master was robbed, the guild would cover their obligations until money started to flow in again. If a master was suddenly disabled or killed, the guild would support them or their surviving family.
This safety net encouraged more people to leave farming to take up trades. As a result, the amount of goods available for trade increased, as did the range of goods and services. The basic style of insurance used by guilds is still around today in the form of group coverage.
In the late 1600s, shipping was just beginning between the New World and the Old, as colonies were being established and exotic goods were ferried back. The practice of underwriting emerged in the same London coffeehouses that operated as the unofficial stock exchange for the British Empire. A coffeehouse owned by Edward Lloyd, later of Lloyd's of London, was the primary meeting place for merchants, ship owners, and others seeking insurance.
A basic system for funding voyages to the New World was established. In the first stage, merchants and companies would seek funding from the venture capitalists of the day. They, in turn, would help find people who wanted to be colonists, usually those from the more desperate areas of London, and would purchase provisions for the voyage.
In exchange, the venture capitalists were guaranteed some of the returns from the goods the colonists would produce or find in the Americas. It was widely believed you couldn't take two left turns in America without finding a deposit of gold or other precious metals. When it turned out this wasn't exactly true, venture capitalists still funded voyages for a share of the new bumper crop: tobacco.
After a voyage was secured by venture capitalists, the merchants and ship owners went to Lloyd's to hand over a copy of the ship's cargo manifest so the investors and underwriters who gathered there could read it.
Those who were interested in taking on the risk signed at the bottom of the manifest beneath the figure indicating the share of the cargo for which they were taking responsibility (hence, underwriting). In this way, a single voyage would have multiple underwriters, who tried to spread their own risk by taking shares in several different voyages.
By 1654, Blaise Pascal, the Frenchman who gave us the first calculator, and his countryman Pierre de Fermat, discovered a way to express probabilities and better understand levels of risk. That breakthrough began to formalize the practice of underwriting and made insurance more affordable.
In 1666, the Great Fire of London destroyed around 13,200 homes. London was still recovering from the plague that had begun to ravage it a year earlier and an estimated 100,000 survivors were left homeless. The following year, property developer Nicholas Barbon began selling fire insurance as a personal business, which was then established as a joint-stock company, the Fire Office, in 1680.
Life insurance began to emerge in the 16th and 17th centuries in England, France, and Holland. The first known life insurance policy in England was issued in 1583. But, lacking the tools to properly assess the risk involved, many of the groups that offered insurance ultimately failed.
That started to change in 1693, when astronomer and mathematician Edmund Halley, best known today as the namesake of Halley's Comet, studied birth and death records in the city of Breslau for the purposes of calculating the price of life annuities. This gave rise to the use of mortality tables in the insurance industry.
Insurance companies thrived in Europe, especially after the Industrial Revolution. Across the Atlantic, in America, the story was very different. Colonists' lives were fraught with dangers that no insurance company would touch. For example, starvation and related diseases killed almost three out of every four colonists in the Jamestown settlement between 1609 and 1610, a bleak period that came to be known as "The Starving Time."
Ultimately, it took more than 100 years for insurance to establish itself in America. When it finally did, starting around the 1750s, it brought the maturity in both practice and policies that developed during the same period of time in Europe.
Insurance has had a long history and its starting point can trace back to different times depending on the type of insurance. It has its origins in the Babylonian empire, Medieval guilds, the Great Fire of London, and maritime insurance.
Some of the oldest forms of insurance are considered to be the bottomry contracts of merchants in Babylon around 3,000 to 4,000 BCE. These contracts stipulated that the loans that merchants took out for shipments would not need to be paid if the shipment was lost at sea.
The oldest insurance company in the world is considered to be Hamburger Feuerkasse, which was founded in 1676. Its first policies provided fire insurance within the the city walls of Hamburg and reimbursed owners the market value of their buildings up to 15,000 marks, with a 25% deductible.
The history of insurance is long and detailed, and it has involved significantly over time. Though it can be expensive, insurance has prevented people and businesses from suffering financial loss and it has financially protected people throughout time.
Historians are society’s storytellers — and its most vital critics. They work at finding the truth about the past and pay close attention to the diversity of the human experience.
History students at Hope cultivate a deeper understanding of the past through rigorous courses with first-rate teachers. You can expect your professors to know you by name, and you can develop the best learning experience for you — whether working one-on-one with faculty on a research project based on your interests or gaining valuable workplace skills through a local internship.
We prepare our scholars for leadership and service in a global society through on-campus mentorship opportunities and complementary off-campus study programs.
Within our two major and two minor programs we:
Students can join Phi Alpha Theta, the history honor society, apply for scholarships and attend monthly department colloquia. Every year we support student presentations at the Celebration for Undergraduate Research and Creative Performance and honor students through various departmental awards.
Written by Fred L. Johnson III, Ph.D., Twelve weeks of relentless pounding by Virginia’s brutal...
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Read MoreThe Foreign Relations of U.S. Slavery, 1775-1865 Please join the Hope College History Department ...
Read MoreNative American peoples inhabited and visited the landscape encompassed within Wyoming for centuries prior to the founding of the University of Wyoming (UW) in 1887 and we would like to acknowledge the Arapaho, Cheyenne, Crow, Lakota, Shoshone, and Ute, on whose land we stand today.
Long committed to the history of the American West, the History Department at UW is uniquely positioned to situate this field in a global context. Drawing on expertise ranging from Europe, East and Central Asia, Africa, and the Americas, we strive to explore historical questions with thematic as well as comparative approaches. Our goal is to provide students a truly global perspective on history.
At the most basic level, history teaches how to assess evidence, to access conflicting interpretations, to arrive at convincing arguments, and to speak and write about these arguments to a wide variety of audiences. These skills make history one of the foremost majors that graduate and professional schools and employers seek when they admit graduate students or hire employees. Viewed from a practical perspective, a history degree provides lifelong skills that are in demand in fields ranging from teaching and law to government and business administration. History is a very useful degree.
History is a foundational discipline that blends the methodologies and perspective of the humanities and social sciences in order to engage with the history of human culture on a global scale. UW's History degree program emphasizes interdisciplinary teaching and research and provides course work, research experiences, and internships on both American and international topics. The History program offers a Bachelor of Arts degree major and minor, and a Master of Arts degree.
Who hasn’t heard someone say, “I just love history?” Maybe that person is you? History is a vibrant and fascinating study of people, events, and institutions in the past and, for many people, that’s reason enough to earn a history degree. But there are larger and more practical reasons to choose history as your major. Here are a few of those reasons that historian Peter Stearns complied for the American Historical Association:
In addition to the historical content obtained in your coursework, a degree in History also provides excellent training in rigorous analysis and research skills, and the oral and written skills necessary to achieve success in any top-flight professional career. Typical career paths for History graduates include work in museums and archives, national security agencies (the FBI, CIA, and NSA all love to recruit History B.A. students), and the Department of State. The History major is also excellent preparation for various professional schools, such as law and medicine, as well as post-graduate work in the humanities and social sciences. We pride ourselves on placing our graduates in highly competitive careers and post-graduate masters and doctoral programs.
The History Department Faculty has identified the specific objectives of its undergraduate curriculum. The following are the learning outcomes that each History major should learn. We are continuously and actively assessing our program to ensure that these learning outcomes are being met.
1. Students shall be able to demonstrate critical thinking skills by analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating historical information from multiple sources.
2. Students will develop the ability to distinguish between different culturally historical perspectives.
3. Students will produce well researched written work that engages with both primary sources and the secondary literature.
4. Students will develop an informed familiarity with multiple cultures.
5. Students will employ a full range of historical techniques and methods.
6. Students will develop an ability to convey verbally their historical knowledge.
7. Students will demonstrate their understanding of historical cause and effect along with their knowledge of the general chronology of human experience.
8. Students will develop an understanding of the concepts of historical theary and/or conceptual frameworks and be able to use these in their own studies.
The History Department offers two distinct graduate programs. Any field of study offered by the Department can be accommodated within either degree program.
The M.A. degree is designed to prepare the student for employment opportunities and PhD-level work. This degree program is also suitable for students interested in careers as community college instructors as well as for lifelong learners who seek formal advanced education.
Students who graduate with an M.A. in History will be able to:
1. Demonstrate an understanding of the theories and methodologies of the discipline of History.
2. Demonstrate a critical understanding of the historiography of their field of specialization.
3. Demonstrate some understanding of comparative and/or thematic methods, approaches, and theories.
4. Conduct original research based on primary sources and construct an argument based on that research.
5. Write graduate-level expository prose and orally present their ideas at an advanced level.
The M.A.T. degree is designed to enhance the teaching of history and related disciplines by secondary and middle school teachers. This is a non-thesis degree, designed to provide breadth of preparation rather than specialization. Applicants are expected to have already completed their certification and pedagogy courses.
Students who graduate with an M.A.T. in History will be able to:
1. Demonstrate the significance of historical syllabus with reference to broader historical context, historiographic trends, or contemporary relevance.
2. Construct original historical arguments using a blend of primary and secondary source material.
3. Demonstrate a superior quality of writing both in terms of mechanics and in developing an argument effectively.
4. Convey a broad understanding of historical material suitable for teaching.
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