CIPS-L5M2-MSCR history - CIPS Level 5 Managing Supply Chain Risk Updated: 2024

The first management theory, Frederick Taylor’s scientific management theory, dates back to 1911. From there, many others were born, including Max Weber’s bureaucratic theory and Mary Parker Follett’s theory of organizational management. These varied theories ultimately spawned the human relations movement, representing a crucial shift in management that encourages more personal oversight. Here are the basics of the movement and how it affected today’s management style.

Eng K. Gan, M.B.B.S.^1,2 , Lawrie W. Powell, M.B.B.S., M.D., Ph.D., F.R.A.C.P., F.R.C.P.^3,4 and John K. Olynyk, B.Med.Sc., M.B.B.S., M.D., F.R.A.C.P.^1,2,5,6

¹School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; ²Department of Gastroenterology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia; ³Discipline of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland; ⁴Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; ⁵Western Australian Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia; ⁶Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.

Address for correspondence and reprint requests
John K. Olynyk, B.Med.Sc., M.B.B.S., M.D., F.R.A.C.P., Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Fremantle Hospital, P.O. Box 480, Fremantle 6959, Western Australia, Australia (e-mail: john.olynyk@health.wa.gov.au).

I once heard an historical reenactor in Colonial Williamsburg say this: We should study history because we are imperfect, and because we are imperfect, we will make mistakes. By studying history, we can increase the likelihood that the mistakes we make will be new ones.

That’s the whole point. That is also why history should not be weaponized. The use of history as a weapon can be difficult to spot for those who don’t know much history because it usually comes in the form of cherry picking and tends to be written by activists and advocates of various causes. Genuine historians and biographers make an honest attempt to treat their subjects objectively and do not try to steer the reader to some predetermined judgement or conclusion.

There has been a trend in recent years to denigrate America’s founding generation, particularly those who were slaveowners. They are commonly referred to as hypocrites, preaching equality and liberty while literally owning other human beings and depriving them of the very human rights that they had declared for themselves. That is a completely fair criticism, but I’m not sure that hypocrisy is the right word. When we use that word, we usually mean someone who says one thing in public but does something else in private. Slave ownership was done openly. It wasn’t a secret.

As both a teacher and a writer, I have long struggled with the paradoxical behavior of Jefferson, Henry, Madison, Washington and others. It was the great contradiction in their lives, and they knew it. They also knew that slavery’s days were numbered. They knew that slavery was a moral wrong and that it was an anachronism that would eventually be extinguished.

In Thomas Jefferson’s “Notes on the State of Virginia,” in Query 14, he described what he perceived as the inferiority of the Africans to the white race. His words were the very definition of racism. Yet further, in Query 18, he condemned the institution of slavery and longed for its abolition. One of his other famous comments was, “But as it is, we have the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go. Justice is one scale, and self-preservation on the other.” After the treaty of Paris in 1783, when Jefferson’s attempt to include the abolition of slavery as a part of the admission requirements for new states failed by a single vote, Jefferson’s lament was that “the fate of millions yet unborn hung on the tongue of one man, and heaven was silent in that awful moment.”

St. George Tucker, a Williamsburg slaveowner and the second professor of law at William & Mary, in 1796 wrote “A Dissertation on Slavery,” and in that work he wrote a ringing condemnation of slavery in the first part, proposed a formula for its gradual abolition in the second part, but then in the final part he suggested that the former enslaved should not expect to enjoy the full benefits of citizenship.

One of the great historians and biographers of the revolutionary generation is Joseph Ellis, and his famous biography of Jefferson is appropriately titled, “American Sphinx.” In a more recent volume about the founders, he said something that for me made a great deal of sense, and it has helped me navigate the paradoxical behavior of so many in the colonial era. He said that for many of the founders, slavery was seen as an “inoperable cancer,” one that could not be excised from society without destroying the infant nation in its cradle.

Ellis is probably right about that. Getting all 13 states on board for not only a revolution but also an entirely new form of government was already going to be a Herculean task. Attempting to get rid of slavery at the same time would have been a deal breaker, and so they left it to future generations to resolve.

One of my strongest convictions is that making premature moral judgements gets in the way of understanding. Doing so puts things in the wrong order. It’s important to first get inside the heads of the people in that generation and try to understand what made them tick. That’s not excuse making. What were the social, political, legal, economic, religious and scientific environments and contexts in which they lived and that influenced their thinking? Doing so takes time and effort, and after that, if one really wants to assign them to the dustbin of history, so be it. But you will at the same time be condemning a lot of people who changed the arc of history for the better.

Joseph B. Filko has taught economics and American government and lives in Williamsburg. He can be reached at jfilko1944@gmail.com.

The History Department is teaming up with the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at Simmons College to offer new M.A. minor fields in Archival Management and in Cultural Heritage/Public History. The GSLIS is ranked as one of the best in the country and was recently named Number One in Archives. The department is pleased to embark on this venture and to make these options available to our MA students.

The Minor Field in Archival Management

The Minor Field in Archival Management consists of two courses:

LIS 438. Introduction to Archival Methods and Services [offered in Fall and Spring]
The fundamentals of a wide range of archival activities, including appraisal, acquisitions, arrangement, description, reference, and access. Course includes a required 60-hour internship completed in an archives or manuscript repository

LIS 441. Appraisal of Archives and Manuscripts [offered in Spring]
Archival appraisal, or the assessment and evaluation of archival records to determine their continuing value for long-term retention, is one of the central and most critical challenges and responsibilities of the archivist. Building on the introductory exposure to appraisal offered in LIS 438, this course will focus on developing a theoretical framework for appraisal by introducing students to the strategies and methodologies of appraisal.

The Minor Field in Cultural Heritage/Public History

The Minor Field in Cultural Heritage/Public History consists of two courses:

LIS 531V. Concepts in Cultural Heritage Informatics [offered in Fall]
A foundation course for students who seek careers as information professionals in archives, museums, libraries, and other cultural heritage settings.

Sites of History (currently taught in CAS but crosslisted in GSLIS) [offered in Spring]
Examines the theory and practice of public history for those who plan to apply their academic historical studies in public settings.

Who can donate collections or specimens to the Museum?

The Museum may accept donations from members of the public, other scientists and other organisations. However, the items offered will need to meet the Museum’s collection development needs and must have been collected and exported/imported legally. Please see the ‘Donations’  section above and the following FAQs which explain this further. 

What kind of information do you want to know about my donation?

In order for our curatorial staff to assess your potential donation they will need to know what species/type of material you are looking to donate, how many items there are, where they are from, when they were collected and how they came to be in your possession. We will also ask if your collection has an index or finding aid (where relevant) and how the material is preserved. Images are very helpful to pass along. They will also ask for any accompanying paperwork you might have (see ‘what kind of paperwork will I need to provide with my donation’).

What kind of paperwork will I need to provide with my donation?

The Museum will require any evidence you have that could confirm that the material was collected, exported and imported legally and that you hold valid title to the items. This could include permits, receipts, letters, photographs, bills of sale, correspondence, but our curatorial staff will be able to help advise on this when discussing your donation.

Why am I asked to provide paperwork with my donation?

Documentation (like the items listed above) helps the Museum to remain compliant with national and international legislation and conventions, and abide by our governing legislation. If evidence is not forthcoming our staff may decide not to accept the donation.

What paperwork will I need to sign as part of my donation?

If you are donating to the Museum you will need to sign our Material Transfer Agreement to warrant that you hold title to the material you are donating, and that it was collected, exported and imported legally. This will need to be submitted in conjunction with supporting evidence (see ‘what kind of paperwork do I need to provide with my donation’)

How do I bequeath my collections to the Museum?

Please see the section entitled ‘Donations and bequests’  and for more information contact our Development team.

Will the Museum display my donation?

The Museum cannot guarantee that your donation will be displayed, but the value of your generous gift extends beyond public display. All items added to the collection will be available for the Natural History Museum and international researchers to use in science and engagement and will also be made available online through our data portal or library & archives discovery layer. 

Will the Museum keep my donation in the collections forever?

Once your donation becomes a part of the Museum’s collections the Museum will manage it under its collections policies. Our curators may decide to retain it in the permanent collection by registering it or share it with another institution through an exchange or transfer. It is also possible the material will be destructively sampled to produce new data and/or new material, meaning it may change its form. If the Museum decides to remove it from the collection this will be thoroughly considered and the decision recorded for posterity. See the ‘Disposal’ section above for additional information.

Will the Museum purchase my objects?

As a registered charity the Museum relies on donations and fieldwork to enhance its collections. As budgets are strictly limited the Museum is unlikely to be able to purchase your objects.

Can I place a restriction on my donation?

As a general rule the Museum does not accept donations with restrictions (such as permanent retention or a requirement for display). In most instances restrictions can hinder the work the Museum does and so the Museum may take the decision not to accept the donation if the restrictions impede our mission. 

Will the Museum identify my objects?

The Museum’s scientists do not offer a general identification service, nor do they provide identification services for the purpose of sale. However, the Angela Marmot Centre offer an Identification and Advisory service for material found in the British Isles. 

What are CITES and ABS, and why do I need to know about them?

These are important international conventions supported by legislation which govern how the Museum can manage and use certain wild flora and fauna (CITES) and genetic resources (CBD & ABS). You may be asked to provide additional paperwork if you are looking to donate material which falls under the remit of this legislation, but our curatorial staff will be able to advise where this might be relevant. Please see the sections above  for more information.

What is Due Diligence, and why is it important?

Due diligence is the process by which the Museum establishes where an item came from, when and how it left its country of origin and whether the Museum has permission to use the item as it wishes. It helps to ensure that the Museum has undertaken its legal and ethical checks before the items enter the Museum. Staff at the Museum will do this by assessing any information and documentation you might provide when considering your kind offer, see ‘what kind of paperwork will I need to provide, why am I asked to provide paperwork, and what kind of information do you want to know about my donation’ above.

Where can I find out more about the Museum’s Collections Policies?

The Museum has a framework of five collections policies which enable it to manage the collections: Introduction and Governance, Collections Development, Collections Access and Information, Collections Care and Human Remains. These can be found on the Museum’s Governance page with more information about Governance available in the section above. 

In 2014, the University further solidified its commitment to strategic enrollment management with the creation of the Division of Enrollment Management and Student Success (EMSS). A leader in and advocate for data-driven decision-making and student-centered services, the division was charged with creating and ensuring a culture of engaged University-wide partnerships to facilitate the design, implementation, and support of strategic and research-based enrollment and student success practices.

Today, the Vice President for Enrollment Management and Student Success serves as the University’s chief enrollment and retention officer, is a member of the President’s Executive Cabinet and Council of Academic Deans, and reports directly to the President. The Vice President provides leadership to the Offices of Admission, Bursar, Career Services, Enrollment Communication, Enrollment Operations and One Stop Services, Enrollment Research and Analysis, University Registrar, Student Financial Assistance, and the Student Success Center. EMSS collaborates across the University to lead and support the full student lifecycle from recruitment through graduation to lifelong success.

In celebration of Black History Month, UBS was proud to host a fireside chat with renowned art historian and UBS Americas Advisory Council member Dr. Mary Schmidt Campbell and UBS Art Advisory Specialist Matthew Newton as they explored themes of identity and culture in Black art. The live-streamed discussion featured Dr. Schmidt Campbell’s perspective on the works of Black artists from the Harlem Renaissance through the present day. The event was presented by UBS Americas Advisory Council and Multicultural Investors Segment.