Requirements for pharmacy technicians vary by state, but most require certification, registration or licensure. Earning your certification from the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) provides a valuable, industry-recognized credential that meets most states’ requirements.
To earn educator certification in Texas or another state, candidates must complete certain steps at their institution and apply with the appropriate state agency.
To become certified in one of the Baylor educator preparation programs, a Baylor student must first be officially accepted into the program.
The Office of Professional Practice in the School of Education handles the TEA educator certification process for all Baylor students.
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If so, then you are eligible to apply for a Georgia teaching certificate!
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Each state has different professional licensure and certification requirements in disciplines such as, but not limited to, accounting, counseling, engineering, and health professions. The University of New Haven works to confirm that our programs meet the educational requirements for those programs that lead to professional licensure or certification. Below is a listing of our current programs that lead to licensure or certification. Please follow the link for the program that you are interested in. On each program page, we have provided state licensing guidance information and we make every effort to ensure licensure information is current. Licensure and certification information is reviewed and updated in March of each year.
Please note that the completion of a University of New Haven program does not ensure employment or eligibility to receive a license or credential in every state or location in that profession. In many cases, there are state laws and there may be additional requirements (e.g., background checks and/or fingerprinting, professional exams, years of supervised professional work experience, fee requirements, etc.). These requirements can vary from state to state. Note also that some required practicums and internships can require background checks or fingerprinting.
Students who are considering an academic program that may allow them to pursue professional licensure or certification are strongly encouraged to check with the state licensing board where they intend to seek employment to confirm all requirements. Licensing board and contact information is provided for each state. It is a student's responsibility to understand the specific requirements of the state in which they intend to apply for licensure and to be aware of any changes to those requirements.
Important note for relocation during the course of a program:
Prospective and current students should keep in mind that licensing and certification requirements vary by state and that relocating during the course of a program to another state could impact whether that student can meet the eligibility requirements in the state they intend to move to. If students are considering relocating, they should contact their program adviser or department chair to check for licensure or certification eligibility requirements. Current students can check the Student Location Policy in the Student Handbook. Upon relocation or change of address, students must update their student record with the new location information within 10 days.
Programs for Licensure Disclosure
The Higher Education Opportunity Act requires all colleges and universities participating in federal student aid programs to provide access to general institutional and financial aid information. Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU) has provided the information below in compliance with the federal law.
The contact information provided is made available to provide assistance with obtaining or understanding any required consumer information related to financial assistance, institutional information, completion, graduation, transfer-out and retention rates, and institutional security policies and crime statistics as well as any request for a disclosure in print.
Southern New Hampshire University offers innovative and affordable undergraduate and graduate programs across different platforms. Campus and hybrid online programs will help you turn your passion into your profession. SNHU offers more than 200 career-focused online college degrees and certificates. SNHU offers accredited and customized learning solutions for companies through our workforce partnerships which build upon our competency-based learning expertise and a track record of student success.
Southern New Hampshire University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE).
SNHU has articulation agreements which are formal agreements with other higher education institutions that document the transfer policies for a specific academic program.
The SNHU Career Services teams work with students throughout their academic experience as well as after graduation to build professional tools needed to succeed in the workplace. SNHU does not participate in any job placement services.
The College Navigator provides SNHU data in an easy accessible manner to include general information, tuition, fees and estimated student expenses, financial aid, net price, enrollment, admission, retention and graduation rates, programs/majors, service members and veterans, varsity athletic teams, accreditation, campus security, and cohort default rates.
SNHU requires all members of the University community to comply with all state and federal copyright laws.
SNHU is dedicated to providing equal access to individuals with disabilities, in accordance with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, and the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008.
Professional licensure, certification, endorsement, and salary benefit requirements for educators vary from state to state and district to district. Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU) cannot ensure licensure, certification, endorsement, or salary benefits. It is the students' responsibility to understand and comply with requirements in the state where they intend to work as an administrator or teacher. Students seeking licensure in states other than New Hampshire are solely responsible for determining whether they are eligible for licensure, and before beginning the program, confirming the precise requirements that must be satisfied to be licensed in that state. Students specifically seeking a New Hampshire certificate must meet all requirements, policies, and protocols included in the program approval(s) granted to Southern New Hampshire University by the State Department of Education.
SNHU professors are leaders in their fields who are committed to doing more, learning more, and caring more than they have to. Our full-time and adjunct professors possess extensive academic, career and life experience. Direct Assessment Competency-Based Education programs do not involve faculty.
The University complies with public disclosure of financial information as required by applicable regulatory bodies and will review any individual requests for audited financial statements on a case-by-case basis.
SNHU offers a high-quality, affordable education along with unparalleled support, whether you're pursuing your education at our traditional campus or working on an online degree, the entire SNHU community, from academic advisors to faculty to our network of successful alumni, will be there to help you achieve your goals, from day one to graduation and beyond.
The SNHU Net Price Calculator uses institutional data to provide estimated net price for current and prospective students and their families based on a student's individual circumstances. This calculator allows students to calculate an estimated net price of attendance (defined as cost of attendance minus grants and scholarships) based on what similar SNHU students paid in the previous year. Direct Assessment Competency-Based Education students should use the CfA Net Price Calculator.
Users of SNHU equipment, software and computer accounts are expected to follow acceptable standards of ethics and conduct in their use of computing resources. The SNHU acceptable use policy outlines our standards and the disciplinary actions taken against users who violate this policy.
Earning Certification Online
Students who successfully complete a certification program at Southern New Hampshire University may be recommended to the State of New Hampshire Board of Education for initial or secondary NH State Licensure. Students teaching in states other than New Hampshire are responsible for checking with their state board of education to determine reciprocity or other inter-state agreements between NH and their home, teaching state.
Reciprocity, What Does It Really Mean?
In most cases, reciprocity does not allow for an automatic transfer of initial teacher licensure from one state to another state. Requirements for educators differ from state to state, thus there may be more tests, courses, fieldwork and/or workshops that you will have to complete to be fully licensed in another state. Similarly, secondary licensure may have additional requirements depending on your state. For the most part, after processing the initial paperwork states under an interstate agreement will issue you a "temporary" license for a period of one to two years, giving you this time to complete any requirements that you may be missing. It is very important to know what the licensure requirements are for the state to which you wish to transfer your license.
Students seeking secondary NH licensure at Southern New Hampshire University are responsible for identifying the licensure requirements within their state of teacher employment.
Consistent with all applicable federal and state laws, rules, regulations and ordinances (e.g. Title III, Title VI, Title VII, Title IX, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act as amended), and in recognition of its responsibilities to its faculty, staff, and students as well as to the communities in which it operates, Southern New Hampshire University reaffirms its continuing commitment to afford qualified or qualifiable individuals equal access and equal opportunity within the University. To ensure equal access and equal opportunity, Southern New Hampshire University shall not discriminate against any individual or group because of race, color, creed, ethnicity, sex, religion, national origin, citizenship, marital or parental status, disability (including intellectual disability), age, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, pregnancy, veteran/military status, genetic information, or on any other legally prohibited basis.
SNHU nursing programs are not authorized in the state of Washington or US territories and we are not accepting students residing in Washington state or US territories into Nursing programs at this time. Currently enrolled students who move into the state of Washington or a US territory will not be able to continue in nursing courses until they move out of the state of Washington or the US territory. Prospective students are encouraged to contact Admission, and current students should contact their Advisor, for more information.
The MSN Family Nurse Practitioner track is only available to students living in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maine, Vermont, Texas, Florida, North Carolina, Virginia, New Jersey. Students must reside in one of these states while taking FNP courses at SNHU, and all practicum experiences must be completed in one of these states. SNHU expects students to complete their practicum experiences in their state of domicile, as reported by the student during the application/admission process. Any student looking to change their state of domicile and/or complete their practicum experience in a different state (listed herein), may face interruptions or delays in their program. Students are responsible for reporting any change to their state of domicile immediately to academic advising. Please note that the family nurse practitioner track is accepting applications from a limited number of students per term. All other nursing program tracks are available to students living in every state except Washington or US territories.
The reauthorization of the Higher Education Act includes provisions that are designed to reduce the illegal uploading and downloading of copyrighted works through peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing. This SNHU policy outlines the University's plan to effectively combat unauthorized distribution, alternatives to illegal file sharing, and our effectiveness reviews.
The SNHU FERPA Student Right to Privacy policy outlines the student rights with respect to his/her education records, defines SNHU directory information and the Solomon Amendment, and provides contact information for the registrar's office.
Our privacy policy was developed as an extension of our commitment to combine the highest-quality products and services with the highest level of integrity.
Requirements for professional licensure in disciplines such as accounting, counseling, education and nursing vary among states as do the educational requirements for certain professional certifications. SNHU provides state licensing guidance and professional certification information for students within the Licensure and Certification Disclosures page.
SNHU maintains a list of written arrangements with other higher education institutions which outlines portions of specific educational program offerings.
State Authorization is a law specified in the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 that requires higher education institutions to obtain formal permission/approval to conduct regulated activities within its borders. Because Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU) has students residing across the United States, the institution is required to obtain each state’s approval (State Authorization) to operate based on the activities it conducts in a state.
In some states, SNHU is exempt from seeking approval to operate, while in other states SNHU has permission to operate via an affiliation with the National Council for State Authorization Reciprocity Agreements (NC SARA).
SNHU strives at all times to provide the highest quality of service and the best student experience possible. In the event of a serious complaint against the University that cannot be resolved, SNHU provides a comprehensive contact list of home state authorizing agencies.
SNHU campus students can choose from more than 60 clubs and organizations. SNHU online students can get involved through SNHUconnect.
The Enrollment Tab of the College Navigator provides a breakdown of the SNHU student body diversity, including the percentage of enrolled, full-time students in the following categories: gender and self-identified ethnic groups while the Financial Aid tab provides Federal Pell Grant recipient data.
SNHU must annually provide a Title II report to the state of New Hampshire and the general public for programs that prepare teachers for initial state certification or licensure. This report includes information about goals, assurances, pass rates, and program information.
SNHU must disclose within the Internet Course Schedule the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) and retail price information of required and recommended textbooks and supplemental material for each course listed. If applicable, SNHU must include on the written course schedule a notice that textbook information is available on the Internet course schedule and the Internet address for the schedule. SNHU will provide information to the college bookstore upon request.
The SNHU Transfer Credit policy outlines the transfer and external credit policies and procedures for undergraduate and graduate students. All study abroad credits and grades that are earned oversees at one of our partner universities will apply directly toward an SNHU degree. Only official transcripts sent directly from the issuing institution are considered for transfer credit. Electronic transcripts can be considered official if they are sent by an approved and secure file transfer system. Credit considered for transfer must be from the issuing institution; transfer credit posted on another institution's transcript will not be accepted.
Students who wish to transfer their credit elsewhere are responsible for verifying the transferability of credit prior to enrollment. SNHU does not ensure that courses will transfer.
Credit for Prior Learning comprises the processes and practices of determining if knowledge gained in a variety of settings, may warrant consideration of college credit. To be eligible for prior learning credit students must be enrolled in an undergraduate or graduate program at SNHU. Official documentation that can be authenticated is required. For evaluating non-traditional learning experiences, SNHU recognizes the services of American Council on Education (ACE) and National College Credit Recommendation Service (NCCRS).
Working toward a degree is a smart investment in your future - and at Southern New Hampshire University, it's an affordable one, too. We keep our costs low, and financial aid is available to those who qualify. Additional tuition and fee information:
An official withdrawal refers to an action taken by the student at SNHU to discontinue his/her enrollment. Students who use federal financial aid and/or military benefits and fail all courses in a term will be reviewed for participation. Students who cease participation in graded activities before completing through 60% of the term will be classified as receiving an "unearned F" which is defined as an unofficial withdrawal.
Every student should complete a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) to determine eligibility for federal financial aid programs if financial assistance is needed, Students and their families should understand the FAFSA process, eligibility requirements to apply with the FAFSA, dependency status, and the importance and use of the Federal Student Aid (FSA) ID.
SNHU has established a Title IV Loan Code of Conduct for which all employees and agents must comply to avoid any conflict of interest with financial institutions. SNHU also adheres to the NASFAA Code of Conduct to provide accurate unbiased information and the NASFAA Statement of Ethical Principles to advocate for students, maintain the highest level of integrity, support student access and success, comply with federal and state laws, strive for transparency and clarity, and protect the privacy of financial aid applicants.
Cost of Attendance (COA) is an estimate of the student's educational expenses to maintain a reasonable/moderate standard of living for a period of enrollment and is not the amount paid directly to Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU). The COA is used when calculating a student's eligibility for financial aid only. The COA includes both direct costs (tuition, fees and on campus living expenses paid directly to SNHU if applicable) and indirect costs (living, books, transportation and personal expenses).
Online entrance counseling is a requirement for all first-time Direct Loan borrowers which assists students to understand how the Direct Loan program and the obligation of repayment upon signing the Master Promissory Note (MPN) obligation, how to manage education expenses and to understand the rights and responsibilities as a borrower.
Direct Loan borrowers are required to complete exit counseling when graduating, stopping attendance or a drop below half-time enrollment. Exit counseling reviews borrowing history, servicer information, monthly payments, repayment plans, and strategies for successful repayment.
Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU) actively seeks to protect students, agencies, and the educational system at large from potential fraud, identity theft, or other unlawful activities. For this purpose, SNHU reserves the right to request additional documentation and suspend financial aid eligibility pending the resolution of any conflicting information received during the admission, financial aid, or registration process. Please see the Department of Education CFR 668.16 for additional information regarding fraud prevention regulations.
There are several need-based and non-need based federal, state, local, private and institutional student financial assistance programs available to SNHU students.
All financial aid award offers are based on enrollment pattern, and are dependent upon a determination of eligibility based on grade level, whether or not priority application deadlines have been met (if applicable), and other program specific criteria at the time of the award offer. All undergraduate and graduate degree programs are eligible by the Department of Education to use federal financial aid to assist with the cost of an SNHU education. Enrollment in a program of study abroad approved for credit by SNHU is considered enrollment for the purposes of applying for federal student financial aid as well. The following information and disclosures are aggregated in this section:
Southern New Hampshire University has an 80-year history of helping military service members and their families pursue an education, at home and abroad. SNHU offers discounts for active-duty service members and their spouses working toward an online degree. In addition SNHU also accepts Tuition Assistance (TA), Post-9/11 GI Bill®, Montgomery GI Bill benefits, and Veteran Readiness and Employment benefits. SNHU also participates in the Yellow Ribbon program that funds tuition and fee expenses that exceed the tuition and fee amounts payable under the Post-9/11 GI Bill.
Although NSLDS is still available for students, currently FSA is moving toward a consolidation of all websites to a “onestop shop” at studentaid.gov. Students will be able to get student aid information collected from NSLDS by logging into studentaid.gov using their FSA credentials. See FSA Partners for more information.
SNHU does not recommend, promote or endorse any lenders, nor do they have any preferred lender agreements. SNHU does provide a historical list of private loans that SNHU students have used in the last three completed financial aid years.
Alternative loans are private education loans through a private lender to help finance the unmet cost of attendance at SNHU. Private lenders are required to provide disclosures through the application and approval process. A self-certification form is required during the application disclosure that will review and record your cost of attendance and estimated financial assistance for your period of enrollment to be covered by the private loan.
Students who drop and/or officially withdraw from coursework at SNHU may be eligible to receive a refund of tuition and other institutional charges. Where required SNHU also adheres to specific state refund policies.
Return of Title IV funds requirements apply to a federal grant or loan recipient who officially or unofficially withdraws from Southern New Hampshire University before completing the payment period.
Return of Military Tuition Assistance applies to all TA recipients who officially or unofficially withdraw from Southern New Hampshire University before completing a term.
Your financial aid award letter will list all of the financial aid offered to you, which may consist of a combination of federal grants, federal work-study, federal loans, and if you're an on campus traditional student, institutional scholarships and grants. Review the financial aid award terms and conditions to ensure you fully understand your rights and responsibilities as a recipient of financial aid at SNHU.
To be eligible and continue to receive Federal Student Aid (FSA) on an annual basis, students must make satisfactory academic progress toward achieving and completing their program of study through measurement of qualitative (grade-based) and quantitative (time-based) standards.
SNHU has an established Tier 1 arrangement with BankMobile for the delivery of Title IV student refunds and this contract disclosure provides the refunds agreement, and amendments.
The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Crime Statistics Act requires that institutions which participate in Federal student aid programs provide information to the public regarding campus safety and security, as well as fire safety, policies, procedures and statistics. This SNHU Annual Security Report includes Information for victims of sexual violence, discrimination and harassment, information for crime victims about disciplinary hearings, Emergency Response and Evacuation Procedures, Timely Warnings, Crime Log, Fire Safety Policies, Fire Statistics, and Fire Logs. SNHU will provide a paper copy upon request.
The mission of the SNHU Public Safety office is to continually enhance public safety and the quality of life for those living, working and visiting our academic community.
SNHU is committed to maintaining an environment of teaching and learning that is free from illicit drugs and alcohol.
SNHU is committed to the safety and security of students, faculty, staff and visitors to our campuses. To support that commitment we formed a crisis management team which worked with University officials to develop a crisis management plan. The plan has been reviewed and approved by officials at the State of New Hampshire Division of Public Safety.
The vaccination policy applies to all residential students, all full time undergraduate students, all international students and all full time graduate day students taking classes on the Manchester NH campus.
The 3-year cohort default rate is the percentage of a school's borrowers who enter repayment on certain Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program or William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) Program loans during a particular federal fiscal year (FY), October 1 to September 30, and default or meet other specified conditions prior to the end of the second following fiscal year. The U.S. Department of Education releases official cohort default rates once per year. The three most exact three-year official cohort default rates for SNHU may be viewed on the Cohort Default Rates tab of the College Navigator.
Students and families may review the Financial Aid and Debt tab on the College Scorecard, an online tool created by the U.S Department of Education, for the following federal student loan information for SNHU borrowers:
SNHU reports disaggregated graduation rates by gender, major racial and ethnic subgroup, recipients of a Federal Pell Grant, recipients of a Subsidized Direct Loan who did not receive a Federal Pell Grant, and by students who did not receive either a Federal Pell Grant or a Subsidized Direct Loan. SNHU does not measure and report transfer out rates.
SNHU does not collect graduate and professional education data. NHES collects New Hampshire, county specific data related to Graduate and Professional Degree educational attainment. In addition, The NH Department of Education maintains educational research data as well as the most current IPEDS data.
SNHU does not calculate placement rates in employment for any academic program unless required by programmatic accreditors.
Retention Rates provided by College Navigator measure the percentage of full-time, first-time and part-time, first-time students who are seeking bachelor's degrees who return to the institution to continue their studies the following fall, as reported to IPEDS.
All schools participating in Title IV, HEA Student Financial Aid programs that enroll students who are offered athletically related student aid are required to produce a report by July 1 each year for disaggregated graduation rates for athletes by gender, major racial and ethnic subgroup, recipients of a Federal Pell Grant, recipients of a Subsidized Direct Loan who did not receive a Federal Pell Grant, and by students who did not receive either a Federal Pell Grant or a Subsidized Direct Loan. SNHU does not measure and report transfer out rates for athletes.
This annual report is a requirement of the Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act (EADA) which requires a school that has an intercollegiate athletic program to make prospective students aware of its commitment to providing equitable athletic opportunities for its male and female students. The direct link is https://ope.ed.gov/athletics/#/institution/details. SNHU will provide a paper copy upon request.
SNHU is required to provide an educational program annually, on September 17th, to commemorate Constitution Day and Citizenship Day.
SNHU provides a New Hampshire Voter Registration Guide for our Manchester NH campus students.
GI Bill® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). More information about education benefits offered by the VA is available at the official U.S. government website.
Pharmacist credentials may be divided into three fundamental types.
The first type -- college and university degrees -- is awarded to mark the successful completion of a pharmacist's academic training and education.
The second type -- licensure and relicensure -- is an indication that the pharmacist has met minimum requirements set by the state in which he or she intends to practice.
The third type of credential -- which may include advanced degrees and certificates -- is awarded to pharmacy practitioners who have completed programs of various types that are intended to develop and enhance their knowledge and skills, or who have successfully documented an advanced level of knowledge and skill through an assessment process.
These three paths to pharmacist credentialing are illustrated in Figure 1. The sections that follow provide information on each of the credentials offered in pharmacy, the credentialing or accreditation body involved, whether the credential is mandatory or voluntary, and other related information.
Figure 1.
.U.S. pharmacy credentials and oversight bodies. ACPE = American Council on Pharmaceutical Education, ASHP = American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, NABP = National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, ACCP = American College of Clinical Pharmacy, AACP = American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, BPS = Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties, CCGP = Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy, NISPC = National Institute for Standards in Pharmacist Crendentialing, PTCB = Pharmacy Technician Certification Board.
Credential earned: Bachelor of Science degree in Pharmacy; Doctor of Pharmacy degree
Credential awarded by: School or college of pharmacy
Accreditation body for professional programs in pharmacy: American Council on Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE). The U.S. Department of Education has recognized the ACPE accreditation of the professional degree program in pharmacy.
Until July 1, 2000, an individual who wished to become a pharmacist could enroll in a program of study that would lead to one of two degrees: a bachelor of science degree in pharmacy (B.S. Pharm. or Pharm. B.S.) or a doctor of pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree.
As of 1998, two-thirds of all students studying in professional programs in pharmacy were enrolled in Pharm.D. programs. The Pharm.D. degree became the sole degree accredited by ACPE for pharmacists' entry into practice in the United States, as of July 1, 2000, with the institution of new ACPE professional program accreditation standards. Pharm.D. programs typically take six years to complete and generally involve two years of preprofessional coursework and four years of professional education. A few programs offer the professional education over three years of full-time education.
B.S.-level pharmacists who have been in the workforce may also return to a college or school of pharmacy to earn the Pharm.D. degree. These programs, which are tailored to the individual's background and experience, may follow "nontraditional" pathways; however, they must produce the same educational outcomes as does the entry-level Pharm.D. degree.
State boards of pharmacy require a Pharm.D. or B.S. degree from a program approved by the boards (almost always an ACPE-accredited program) for a candidate to be eligible to take the state licensing examination. A listing of accredited professional programs offered by colleges and schools of pharmacy is published annually by ACPE and is available on the ACPE Web site (www.acpe-accredit.org).
Credentials earned: Licensure as registered pharmacist (R.Ph.); relicensure.
Credential awarded by: State board of pharmacy
Licensure process overseen by: State regulatory authorities
Before a graduate of a school or college of pharmacy can practice pharmacy in the United States, he or she must become licensed. The licensure process is regulated at the state level by the boards of pharmacy.
Candidates for licensure in all states but California must pass the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX), a computer- adaptive, competency-based examination that assesses the candidate's ability to apply knowledge gained in pharmacy school to real-life practice situations. California administers a unique examination process. Most states also require candidates to take a state-specific pharmacy law examination. Currently, 36 states use the Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination (MPJE), a computer-adaptive assessment that tailors each examination to address the pharmacy law and regulations of the state in which the candidate is seeking licensure.
Both the NAPLEX and the MPJE are developed by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) for use by the boards of pharmacy as part of their assessment of competence to practice pharmacy. Development of these examinations is directly related to NABP's mission, which is to assist its member boards and jurisdictions in developing, implementing, and enforcing uniform standards for the purpose of protecting the public health. The NAPLEX and MPJE examinations are administered by appointment, daily, throughout the year at a system of test centers located in all 50 states.
In addition to the NAPLEX and MPJE, some states require a laboratory examination or an oral examination before licensure is conferred. All state boards also require that candidates complete an internship before being licensed. The internship may be completed during the candidate's academic training or after graduation, depending upon state requirements.
State licensure is an indication that the individual has attained the basic degree of competence necessary to ensure the public health and welfare will be reasonably well protected. Individuals who have received a license may use the abbreviation "R.Ph." (for "registered pharmacist") after their names.
Nearly all state boards of pharmacy also require that registered pharmacists complete a certain number of continuing-education units (CEUs) before they can renew their licenses. The CEUs must be earned through participation in a continuing-education (CE) program whose provider has been approved by the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE). The symbol used by ACPE to designate that the CE provider is approved is
Note that ACPE approves providers of CE, not individual CE programs. CEUs may be secured by attending educational seminars, teleconferences, and meetings; memorizing journal articles; or completing traditional home study courses or computer-based education programs. Receipt of a satisfactory score on an assessment that is created by and submitted to the CE provider is sometimes required as a documentation of completion of a CE program. ACPE publishes an annual directory of approved providers of continuing pharmaceutical education, which is available on the ACPE Web site (www.acpe-accredit.org).
Licensure and relicensure are mandatory for pharmacists who wish to continue to practice their profession.
In their regulatory role, state boards of pharmacy are ultimately responsible to the state legislature.
Pharmacy practitioners who wish to broaden and deepen their knowledge and skills may participate in a variety of postgraduate education and training opportunities. They include the following:
Academic Postgraduate Education and Training
Pharmacists who wish to pursue a certain field of study in depth may enroll in postgraduate master's or doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) programs. Common fields of study for master's candidates include business administration, clinical pharmacy, and public health. Common fields for Ph.D. studies include pharmacology, pharmaceutics, pharmacy practice, and social and administrative sciences.
Residencies
Credential earned: Residency certificate
Credential awarded by: Residency training program
Program accreditation: The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) (independently or in collaboration with other pharmacy organizations)
ASHP is the chief accreditation body for pharmacy practice and specialty residency programs in pharmacy. A total of 505 programs nation-wide now hold ASHP accreditation. ASHP also partners with other organizations, including the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, the American Pharmaceutical Association, and the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, in accrediting residency programs.
The majority of pharmacists who pursue residency training do so in the area of pharmacy practice. These residencies sometimes focus on a particular practice setting, such as ambulatory care. Pharmacists may also pursue specialty training in a certain subject (e.g., pharmacokinetics), in the care of a specific patient population (e.g., pediatrics), or in a specific disease area (e.g., oncology).
Residency programs last one to two years. The typical training site is a practice setting such as an academic health center, a community pharmacy, a managed care organization, a skilled nursing facility, or a home health care agency.
The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), an agency of the federal government, recognizes residency accreditation bodies within the health professions.
Fellowships [a]
Credential earned: Fellowship certificate
Credential awarded by: Fellowship training program
Program accreditation: No official accreditation body
A fellowship is an individualized postgraduate program that prepares the participant to become an independent researcher. Fellowship programs, like residencies, usually last one to two years. The programs are developed by colleges of pharmacy, academic health centers, colleges and universities, and pharmaceutical manufacturers.
There is no official accreditation body for fellowship programs; however, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy and American College of Clinical Pharmacy have issued guidelines that are followed by many fellowship program directors.
Certificate Training Programs
Credential earned: Certificate of Completion
Credential awarded by: Educational institutions and companies, pharmacy organizations, and others
Provider accreditation: American Council on Pharmaceutical Education
A certificate training program is a structured and systematic postgraduate continuing-education experience for pharmacists that is generally smaller in magnitude and shorter in duration than degree programs. Certificate programs are designed to instill, expand, or enhance practice competencies through the systematic acquisition of specified knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. The focus of certificate programs is relatively narrow; for example, the American Pharmaceutical Association offers programs in such areas as asthma, diabetes, immunization delivery, and management of dyslipidemias.
Certificate training programs are offered by national and state pharmacy organizations and by schools and colleges of pharmacy and other educational groups. The programs are often held in conjunction with a major educational meeting of an organization. The American Council on Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE) approves providers of such programs. The symbol used by the ACPE to designate that a certificate training program is provided by an accredited provider is
Traineeships
Traineeships, in contrast to certificate training programs, are defined as intensive, individualized, structured postgraduate programs intended to provide the participant with the knowledge and skills needed to provide a high level of care to patients with various chronic diseases and conditions. Traineeships are generally of longer duration (about five days) and involve smaller groups of trainees than certificate training programs do. Some are offered on a competitive basis, with a corporate sponsor or other organization underwriting participants' costs. Pharmacy organizations currently offering traineeships include the American College of Apothecaries, the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Research and Education Foundation.
Certification
Introduction. Certification is a credential granted to pharmacists and other health professionals who have demonstrated a level of competence in a specific and relatively narrow area of practice that exceeds the minimum requirements for licensure. Certification is granted on the basis of successful completion of rigorously developed eligibility criteria that include a written examination and, in some cases, an experiential component. The certification process is undertaken and overseen by a nongovernmental body.
The development of a certification program includes the following steps:
Role delineation. The first step is to define the area in which certification is to be offered. This is done through a process called role delineation or "task analysis." An expert panel of individuals in the proposed subject area develops a survey instrument to assess how practitioners working in the area rate the importance, frequency, and criticality of specific activities in that practice. The instrument is then sent to a trial of pharmacists who are practicing in that field.
Development of content outline. On the basis of responses to the survey, a content outline for the certification program is developed.
Preparation of examination. The written examination component of the certification program is developed on the basis of the content outline.
Other activities. Appropriate measures are taken to ensure that security and confidentiality of the testing process are maintained, that the examination and eligibility criteria are appropriate, and that the knowledge and skills of those who are certified do, in fact, reflect competence.
Of the 5.9 million children who die each year, poor nutrition plays a role in at least half these deaths. That’s wrong. Hunger isn’t about too many people and too little food. It’s about power, and its roots lie in inequalities in access to resources and opportunities.
It's vital to us that environmental sustainability is embedded in the way our programmes are made and that production processes support our ambitions to be a net zero broadcaster. We work with the BAFTA albert consortium and use the albert system to track this.
This page offers specific guidance on our sustainability requirements, what to submit and useful resources.
An end-to-end guide to the complete process across both editorial and production, advice on how sustainable behaviours can be treated on screen and more resources for producers can be found on the commissioning website.
albert certification is mandatory for all new commissions and recommissions of TV broadcast content including content from Television, the Nations, Children’s and Education, BBC Film and non-News related Sport.
For digital video content, eg content commissioned for YouTube or iPlayer only, certification is encouraged but not mandatory, but an albert carbon footprint is required.
In all categories limited exemptions apply for very short, low budget or acquired content.
We and albert understand that each production is unique and what can be delivered in terms of sustainability will vary. The nature of individual titles, the location and size of the company, and the surrounding production infrastructure will all affect the availability and viability of certain actions. The below is a rough guide to exemptions:
Programmes which are exempt at the point of commission maintain their exemption, even if they subsequently fulfil the criteria for mandatory certification (for example by extending their length), as certification cannot be applied for retrospectively. For that reason, BAFTA’s albert advisors certify each production on a title by title basis according to how the company have delivered on that specific title, and the certification process allows for a 'best efforts' approach. This will be based on the producer influencing outcomes where they can and making the strongest sustainability choices possible, but understanding that ultimately there may be limitations that are outside of the producer’s control.
albert will not penalise producers for the following:
In these cases, certification will not automatically be withheld. Instead, where the sustainable action is mandatory, evidence will be sought to demonstrate the producer has taken all measures that are reasonably within their control to address the barrier.
There are three core components to albert certification, all of which must be completed before certification can be granted:
When a production attains albert certification the albert logo can then be used in their programme endboard.
Both the carbon footprint and action plan should be discussed with the BBC commissioning representative as part of the commissioning process, and a line for carbon offsets should be included in the production budget.
We expect the senior members of a production team to lead on environmental sustainability. The albert process should be started as early as possible. If productions leave engagement to the last minute they risk being unable to fulfil their requirements and gain certification. We recommend setting up a company albert account when a production is at the development stage and/or goes through the commissioning process.
Contact albert to set up an albert company account and logins for staff and see the resources section below for more information and useful contacts.
Once the production company has an albert account, one member of staff should be nominated as the main liaison for all things albert. This person can also develop the knowledge to guide successive productions.
Live or fast-turnaround programmes should contact albert for advice as soon as they can re the best process.
The albert carbon footprint is the first stage of gaining albert certification.
The carbon footprint form requires the input of data such as a production’s travel, accommodation, energy use in studios or on location, staffing and time in post-production. It's created using the albert carbon calculator.
Getting to know the information required in advance will make it easier to complete the final form.
We recommend completing the draft carbon footprint as soon as possible during pre-production, no matter how small the initial team. This will help when discussing sustainability plans with the BBC commissioning representative, inform decisions on how best to cut the productions carbon footprint, and when completing the final footprint form. It can be based on the draft budget and is an initial estimate only and can be refined during the production process.
The carbon footprint can either be regularly updated throughout the production process or completed in one go at the end. However, collecting the information throughout the production process will make it significantly easier to fill in the final form.
The calculator can be found at https://calc.wearealbert.org.
The completed carbon footprint form must be checked and approved by the production company’s nominated albert reviewer for accuracy. It will then be automatically directed to an external auditor for a standard assurance review. Once audited and approved, the nominated albert reviewer will receive an automated email from albert@bafta.org with 'Final carbon footprint has been approved' in the subject line.
It is then the production company’s responsibility to forward this email to their BBC delivery contact. This must be done within six weeks of the final episode delivery, and ideally at the point of delivery.
The carbon action plan helps productions identify how they can reduce their emissions. It should only be submitted to albert once the programme editorial is confirmed, as it can’t be updated.
To begin, the senior team in the production should talk through the list of yes/no starter questions. These should be considered and answered based on what the senior team judge to be achievable actions. These answers will help identify where environmental actions can be embedded, and will form the basis of the production’s carbon action plan.
Once a title has been commissioned/green lit, the completed online carbon action plan is submitted to albert. albert will respond with a request for evidence, which needs to be gathered and uploaded online during the production process.
The carbon action plan can be found at https://calc.wearealbert.org.
Submission of the carbon action plan evidence should be completed before the offline edit. This, along with the submitted carbon footprint, allows albert time to approve the action plan evidence so that the albert certification logo is ready to include in a programme’s end credits.
albert typically require a minimum of two weeks between the receipt of evidence and the issuing of the logo, though there is some flexibility specifically for fast-turnaround programmes if discussed in advance.
Offsetting emissions is a compulsory part of the albert certification process.
The first step is for all productions to estimate their offsetting costs on their production budget at the point of commission, using one of the methods below:
When the final footprint is completed at the end of the production the accurate offset cost can be calculated, recorded in the production budget, and paid.
All independent production companies should either pay their offset via BAFTA albert’s Creative Offsets programme, at a cost of £10.50 per tonne CO2e, or by choosing a Verified offsetting scheme of their own. Productions will be eligible for certification when the offset cost is paid.
Once the carbon footprint and carbon action plan evidence have been submitted for review and the offsetting costs are paid productions will be assessed by albert based on:
After receiving albert certification productions can use the albert certification logo on their programme endboard to show that sustainable best practices have been embedded in the production. A production must have completed the entire albert certification process (footprint, carbon action plan and offsetting) to be eligible to use the logo. To enable this the carbon footprint and action plan should therefore be completed and submitted before the final offline edit.
The logo will be provided by albert. Please see the Credits and branding page for logo positioning.
Productions must forward the albert certification confirmation email to their BBC delivery contact within six weeks of final episode delivery.
Contact the albert team at BAFTA on albert@bafta.org.
The BBC’s Sustainability team is here to help if you have any questions. Contact the team on albert@bbc.co.uk.
See the BBC end-to-end sustainability guide for a run through of the process across editorial and programme production. Editorial resources can also be found on the Commissioning website sustainability area.
If your production is struggling to understand the process or over specific requirements please consult the albert on-line resources, training or contact the albert team at BAFTA direct on albert@bafta.org.
Best practice guidance, recommendations, case studies and useful tips for making productions sustainable can be found on the albert website, along with information about how to document and evidence the sustainability within a production and how to complete the albert carbon footprint calculator.
The BAFTA albert Consortium offers free training covering the big picture of climate change, what it means for the TV industry and what individuals can do to make a difference. Book a place via the albert website. We recommend the free online training courses 'sustainable production' or 'sustainability in editorial'. These two hour courses can be booked via the albert website.
Find general delivery contacts at the BBC on the contacts page.
Please note the BBC is not responsible for the content of external websites.
Undergraduate Teacher Certification Requirements
Drexel offers a number of education certification and degree programs that prepare students for formal teacher certification. Once a student has successfully completed their undegraduate course of study and all qualifying teacher certification exams required by the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE), Drexel recommends the student to the PDE for the appropriate teaching certificate.
The School of Education requires that students maintain at least a "B" average (3.0 GPA) in content courses needed for teacher certification in addition to earning a grade of "B" or better in each core pedagogy course required for certification.
All undergraduate students are required to obtain and submit updated and current copies of the required clearances to the School of Education annually in order to participate in classroom observations and student teaching in Pennsylvania. All full-time undergraduates will receive assistance in gaining these clearances during their first term. Non-PA students should contact their state's department of education or school district office for a list of clearances required in their state.
This initial certification qualifies a teacher to teach for a maximum of six years. The six years need not be continuous. To continue teaching after the six years are completed, the teacher must receive an Instructional II Certification.
The Instructional II Certification is considered a permanent certification. A teacher applying for Instructional II Certification must have:
The Pennsylvania Educator Certification Tests (PECT) are required for Grades PreK–4 and Special Education. All undergraduate and dual degree BS/MS students are required to pass the Pre-service Academic Performance Assessment (PAPA) basic skills exam. In addition, students will be required to take the appropriate assessment test for each area of certification they wish to obtain.
For more information about examinations and registration:
All undergraduate and dual degree BS/MS students seeking certification in middle (grades 4–8) or secondary (grades 7–12) levels are required to pass exams from the PA Education Certification Tests (PECT) and the Praxis II Series. Students must pass both the Pre-service Academic Performance Assessment (PAPA) basic skills assessment test and the appropriate Praxis II Content Knowledge test for each area of certification they wish to obtain.
For more information about examinations and registration:
To maintain Instructional I and Instructional II Certifications, the PDE requires a teacher to complete one of the following every five years:
Note: For those working to acquire Instructional II Certification, the 24 semester credits or 36 quarter credits needed to apply for Instructional II may also count toward Act 48 requirements.
Download the Pennsylvania Department of Education’s Frequently Asked Questions about Act 48 [PDF].