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This new and fully updated edition of Principles of International Environmental Law offers a comprehensive and critical account of one of the fastest growing areas of international law: the principles and rules relating to environmental protection. Introducing the reader to the key foundational principles, governance structures and regulatory techniques, Principles of International Environmental Law explores each of the major areas of international environmental regulation through substantive chapters, including climate change, atmospheric protection, oceans and freshwater, biodiversity, chemicals and waste regulation. The ever-increasing overlap with other areas of international law is also explored through examination of the inter-linkages between international environmental law and other areas of international regulation, such as trade, human rights, humanitarian law and investment law. Incorporating the latest developments in treaty and case law for key areas of environmental regulation, this text is an essential reference and textbook for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, academics and practitioners of international environmental law.
Advance praise: 'Principles of International Environmental Law remains the definitive treatise on this vitally important area of international law. The international community faces unprecedented environmental challenges and this work provides a comprehensive assessment of the capacity of environmental norms and institutions to address these threats. The work is an essential reference for anyone interested in the role of international law in preserving a safe operating space for humanity and the environmental systems we depend on in the Anthropocene.' Tim Stephens, University of Sydney Law School
Advance praise: 'This book makes one reality brutally clear - that international environmental law cannot and must not be viewed as a subject for international lawyers, scholars, and students to alone savour. Rather, this book illuminates the complex, and often-hidden, ways in which international environmental law permeates both the study and practice of law much more generally. Simply put, this is exactly the book that will allow international environmental law to escape its specialist field billing and to capture the wide attention of all those seeking to understand law and its relationship to the future of this planet.' Natasha Affolder, University of British Columbia
Advance praise: 'International environmental law continues to grow in significance and complexity. This new edition by two of the leading contemporary experts in the field is welcome and timely. It provides what must be the most comprehensive and accessible account of the key treaties relating to the environment and the underlying environmental principles of international law. The treatment of international trade and investment law as it affects the environment is especially valuable.' Richard Macrory, Emeritus Professor of Environmental Law, University College London
Advance praise: 'This is a ‘must have’ volume for all interested in international environmental law. It is remarkable in its scope and ambition. It locates the subject within the broader framework of public international law and is attuned to contemporary developments in governance practice and theory as well as law. One can only wonder at the breadth of knowledge and insight of the authors.' Joanne Scott, European University Institute, Florence
Advance praise: 'This fourth edition of Principles of International Environmental Law firmly establishes this classic text as the authoritative guide for academics, practitioners and students alike. Written in an accessible manner and clearly structured, this book offers a comprehensive overview of the rules of public international law that have environmental protection as their goal. The authors have succeeded in striking the right balance between breadth of coverage and analytical depth. This book is, indeed, a treasure trove of knowledge and information.' Jolene Lin, National University of Singapore and author of Governing Climate Change: Global Cities and Transnational Lawmaking
Description
This revision provides guidance on how to establish or improve, develop, implement, maintain, and sustain computer security within nuclear facilities. This publication addresses the use of risk informed approaches to establish and enhance computer security policies, programmes; it describes the integration of computer security into the management system of a facility; establishes a systematic approach to identifying facility functions and appropriate computer security measures that protect sensitive digital assets and the facility from the consequence of cyber-attacks consistent with the threat assessment or design basis threat.
More Information on reusing IAEA copyright material.
Keywords
Nuclear Security, Computer Security, Security Technique, Nuclear Facility, Security, Nuclear, Computer, Guidance, Risk Informed Approach, Risk, Informed Approach, Computer Security Policy, Management System, Facility, Systematic Approach, Facility Function, Digital Asset, Cyber-Attack, Attack, Threat Assessment, Design Basis, Threat, Design Basis Threat, Safety, Graded Approach, Security Level, Risk Management, Example, Defensive Measure, Defensive Architecture, Blended Attack, Computer Based System, Detection, Information Security, Nuclear Security Regime, Nuclear Security Measure, Sensitive Information, Threat StatementRelated publications
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MPOX and Covid 19: “Both viruses continue to circulate and both continue to kill,” Tedros warnedMonkeypox, or MPOX, is no longer a global health emergency, the World Health Organization declared Thursday after a nearly one-year-long alert for the disease that resulted in 87,000 confirmed cases in 111 countries, and 140 deaths recorded worldwide.
The decision was announced at a press conference by WHO Director General, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, one day after the meeting of the Emergency Committee that analyzed the outbreak situation on a quarterly basis, whose cases have been reduced by 90% in the last three months.
“Yesterday the Monkeypox Emergency Committee met and agreed on a new plan and recommended to me that the international outbreak no longer represents a public health emergency of international concern. I have accepted that advice, and I am pleased to declare that monkeypox is no longer a global public health emergency,” Tedros announced while cautioning that “that does not mean that the work is over.”
The WHO director-general said that, although the alerts for monkeypox and Covid-19 have ended, “the threat of new waves remains for both” claiming that “both viruses continue to circulate and both continue to kill.”
Tedros welcomed the “downward trend” in monkeypox cases globally, but clarified that the virus continues to affect communities in all regions, including Africa, “where transmission is still not well understood” and said that travel-related infections also pose a risk.
In May 2022, outbreaks of monkeypox began to be reported in Europe and the United States, outside the 10 or so countries in Central and West Africa where the disease had been endemic for some time. According to Tedros, there were almost 90% fewer cases during the last three months compared to the previous three months.
However, he cautioned that the disease continues to present major public health challenges that require a robust, proactive, and sustainable response, and urged countries to maintain surveillance and access to diagnostic tests and vaccines.
Ghebreyesus insisted that untreated people with HIV are particularly at risk for monkeypox, a malady characterized by skin rashes that may appear on the genital organs or in the mouth, while it may also cause fever, sore throat, or lymph node pain.
This disease is transmitted through close contact with infected people or animals, as well as through objects contaminated by the patient, such as clothing or bed sheets.
Campus Services
RIT is a remarkable and diverse university. Life on campus is a living, as well as learning, experience. Some of the services provided on campus are the Office of Career Services & Cooperative Education, the Student Health Center, Public Safety, The RIT Libraries, Information and Technology Services (ITS), Counseling Center, and Margaret’s House Child Care Program. Also included on campus are laundry facilities, dining halls, retail food stores, ice cream shop, cafes, a hair salon, campus store, interfaith center, athletic facilities, medical facility, and computer centers. There is transportation provided across the campus during most hours. All students are permitted to have their own automobiles. A shuttle bus service is provided at set hours between the campus and the local shopping areas and downtown Rochester. The campus is also served by taxis, ride sharing services, and the regional public bus service.
Campus Housing
Rochester Institute of Technology is located on 1300 acres in the Town of Henrietta, which is a suburb about 5 miles southwest of the City of Rochester. Over 7,000 students live in RIT-owned and operated apartments and residence halls. Transportation around campus is provided. Questions about living at RIT can be addressed to RIT Housing (585-475-5000 or help.rit.edu).
Residence Halls
Approximately 3,500 students live in residence halls on the RIT campus. Entering first-year students are required to live in the residence halls for a full academic year and limited residence hall housing is available for transfer students. If you have been admitted for study as a first-year or transfer undergraduate student, information describing the residence halls can be found online. Residence Halls are furnished, but you will still need your own bedding and towels.
Once your tuition deposit is paid or waived, you will have access to the RIT housing contract online. The online housing contract should be completed by early May for those beginning their studies in the fall, and by December for the spring semester. For students beginning in the fall, you will be able to choose a roommate, building, and a room online. Students must submit the Enrollment Deposit in order to apply for campus housing.
Apartments
Entering international transfer students may live in RIT housing or off-campus housing. Almost 4,000 students live on-campus in: Global Village, Perkins Green, Riverknoll, and University Commons. Each has different features and options, so refer to information found online when making your selections. Transfer students are assigned RIT housing on a space-available basis, prioritized by the receive date of the enrollment deposit and the receive date of the housing contract.
RIT housing offers single to multiple occupancy suites, apartments, and townhouses, at an affordable value with all utilities and amenities included. Global Village, Perkins Green, and University Commons are fully furnished. Riverknoll is unfurnished, so plan to bring something to sleep on for your first night. All apartments and suites with a kitchen include a refrigerator, stove, sink, and cupboards. Amenities include – wireless internet, Ethernet, live-streaming TigerTV which includes Showtime, free laundry facilities, and much more.
RIT Inn & Conference Center
Approximately 240 upperclass students live in the RIT Inn & Conference Center. Formerly a Marriott hotel, accommodations here include fully furnished rooms, air conditioning, pool, exercise room, cable television and live-streaming TV, free laundry facility, free bi-weekly housekeeping, and a full service restaurant. Free shuttle service is provided to the RIT campus. You will need to provide your own bed linens and towels. Students must submit the Enrollment Deposit in order to apply for campus housing.
RIT Dining
RIT operates over 15 on-campus locations and offers a wide variety of cuisines, including vegan, vegetarian, special diet, traditional, and international food options, to meet every student’s needs.
Our meal plans are designed to meet the diverse dining needs and eating habits of RIT students. Each plan provides flexibility, convenience, saves money, and is developed with feedback from students. Meal plans are composed of Dining Dollars, which act as a declining balance system. Meal plans are used to purchase perishable and non-perishable food items only. Purchases are tax-exempt, and if funds run low, voluntary Dining Dollars or an additional meal plan may be added. Unused meal plan funds roll over each semester until graduation or a departure from the university*. Students living in the residence halls, the RIT Inn, and 175 Jefferson are required to have a meal plan. Meal plans are selected on the housing and dining application in the myLife.rit.edu portal.
Voluntary Dining Dollars are used to purchase perishable and non-perishable food items. Purchases are tax-exempt. Use Dining Dollars in conjunction with or in place of a meal plan (unless required). You may add funds at any time and in any denomination. Dining Dollar balances roll over each semester until graduation or departure from the University. RIT Dining locations, Nathan’s Soup & Salad, Petals at the RIT Inn, Market at 175 Jefferson, and all campus vending machines accept Dining Dollars.
Tiger Bucks are used to purchase food and non food items. Over 25 services on campus accept Tiger Bucks, including dining locations, University Campus Store, parking & transportation, labs, and print shops. Purchases may be subject to sales tax, and balances will roll over until graduation or departure from the university.
Public Safety
Security on campus is provided by Public Safety, although each individual is ultimately responsible for their personal safety. The safety of students and their belongings is a top priority. The campus and its buildings are patrolled regularly, and a Mobile Escort van and walking escort service are available 7 days a week and are provided for students who wish to be accompanied from one part of campus to another. Blue-light courtesy boxes are located throughout the campus and a TigerSafe mobile app is also available. The campus prides itself on its safety, and the record of incidents against persons or property is very favorable. Information and statistics about Public Safety can be obtained online.
Student Health Services
The Student Health Center provides primary medical care on an outpatient basis. The staff includes physicians, nurse practitioners, a physician assistant, nurses, support staff and an interpreter for the deaf. Services available include: general medical diagnosis and treatment, immunizations, sexual health services, basic laboratory tests, mental health care, prescriptions, and lifestyle counseling.
Health Insurance
RIT requires that full-time undergraduate students maintain health insurance. Coverage is available through the RIT group rate insurance plan.
English Language Center
Students whose native language is not English can find assistance at the English Language Center. The English Language Center provides courses in writing, grammar, vocabulary, conversation, and reading, as well as in presentation skills, pronunciation and business communication. Tuition is charged for the services of the English Language Center. For more information, call (585) 475-6684 or visit their website.
Athletics and Recreation
Your RIT student ID card provides you with access to the Hale-Andrews Student Life Center. The Student Life Center features top quality equipment and athletic facilities, such as multipurpose courts, weight room, indoor tracks, racquetball courts, tennis courts and more! For more information, visit their website.
RIT Libraries
The RIT Libraries includes the Wallace Library, the Cary Collection, the RIT Archive Collections, and the RIT museum as well as the Writing Commons and the RIT American Sign Language and Deaf Studies Community Center.
Wallace Library is a high technology, multimedia resource center. It offers hundreds of databases and thousands of electronic books and journals, as well as traditional printed resources. Online resources can be accessed onsite, or around the clock from any location. There are two open computer labs equipped with Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Suite, and more and laptops are available for loan. Wallace Library is open more than 120 hours a week, with 24/7 hours during finals week.
Student Computer Account and Information & Technology Services
You will receive an account activation email from RIT when your enrollment deposit has been received and posted to our system. Please allow 1-2 business days for deposit payment processing. The account activation email will go to the email address supplied on your admissions application. If after two business days you have not received the account activation email but HAVE paid your deposit, please contact the ITS Service Desk for assistance. Please note that this is different than the RIT Admissions account that you used during the application process. You will use your new RIT computer account login to complete other enrollment processes including housing contracts, student health forms, and going forward as an RIT student.
Once you have created your RIT computer account AND your Acceptance of Admission Deposit has been received and processed, your RIT student Gmail account becomes active. At this time your RIT student Gmail account will become your preferred email address in our system. It is your responsibility to check your RIT student Gmail account on a regular basis. Communication sent to RIT student Gmail accounts will include information from New Student Orientation, Student Financial Services, Housing Operations, Financial Aid & Scholarships, and academic departments.
RIT has partnered with Google to provide RIT Gmail accounts for all students*. To access your RIT Gmail account, visit the home for Google Apps at RIT. Additionally, you can set e-mail preferences online. Your RIT Gmail can also be forwarded to your preferred email account.
*Students from China – you may not be able to access your RIT email account since it is driven by Google. If this is the case, it is important that you follow the instructions below to forward email from your RIT account to another email account you use.
- Navigate to https://start.rit.edu and click the Mail Preferences link on the left.
- You will be prompted to log in using your RIT computer account.
- Under the Mail Forwarding option, click the other radio button and provide the full email address that you want the mail to go to.
- Save by selecting Change my Email Settings
Student Information System (SIS)
The Student Information System, or SIS, provides a convenient method for students to register for courses and obtain information from the Registrar and Student Financial Services. SIS is a menu driven system which uses on-screen prompts to allow you to access the function you desire and navigate through the various options. Once you have a RIT student computer account you can access SIS via: https://infocenter.rit.edu.
Getting your Student ID
The RIT student ID is a picture ID, your RIT library card and your access to campus facilities. You will need your RIT student ID for student rates for tickets to special campus events, to obtain an on-campus parking permit, or to use Tiger Bucks. Students may upload their own photo for their student ID. You can have a photo taken and obtain your RIT student ID once you arrive on campus at the Office of the Registrar on the first floor of the George Eastman Hall. Hours of operation are posted on the Registrar website. For more information, phone the Registrar at 585-475-2821 or email registrar@rit.edu.
Vehicle Registration and Parking
All vehicles operated on campus must be registered and must display an RIT parking hangtag. Both a valid RIT ID and a state car registration (or a copy) are required to register your vehicle. You may register your vehicle online or by going to the Parking & Transportation Office in Grace Watson Hall. When you register your vehicle, you will receive a campus map that shows the locations of the courtesy call boxes, parking regulations, and other important information.
Textbooks, Supplies and Computer Equipment
The Barnes & Noble @ RIT Bookstore is the place to buy textbooks and any educational materials you may need for your courses. You can make your course material purchases online or in-person. The Barnes & Noble @ RIT Bookstore is located at 100 Park Point Drive, adjacent to the campus. Hours of operation are listed on their website. As an RIT student, you may also purchase computer equipment and software at discount rates. For more information call the Barnes & Noble @ RIT Bookstore at 585-475-2501.
MyCourses
MyCourses is the campus-wide course management system now in use at RIT. Every RIT course has a myCourses presence. This web-based application enables instructors to enhance their on-campus courses with online features. In addition, many online course instructors employ myCourses to deliver their courses. Students login to myCourses with their RIT account. More information and help on how to use myCourses can be found online.
This new and fully updated edition of Principles of International Environmental Law offers a comprehensive and critical account of one of the fastest growing areas of international law: the principles and rules relating to environmental protection. Introducing the reader to the key foundational principles, governance structures and regulatory techniques, Principles of International Environmental Law explores each of the major areas of international environmental regulation through substantive chapters, including climate change, atmospheric protection, oceans and freshwater, biodiversity, chemicals and waste regulation. The ever-increasing overlap with other areas of international law is also explored through examination of the inter-linkages between international environmental law and other areas of international regulation, such as trade, human rights, humanitarian law and investment law. Incorporating the latest developments in treaty and case law for key areas of environmental regulation, this text is an essential reference and textbook for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, academics and practitioners of international environmental law.
Advance praise: 'Principles of International Environmental Law remains the definitive treatise on this vitally important area of international law. The international community faces unprecedented environmental challenges and this work provides a comprehensive assessment of the capacity of environmental norms and institutions to address these threats. The work is an essential reference for anyone interested in the role of international law in preserving a safe operating space for humanity and the environmental systems we depend on in the Anthropocene.' Tim Stephens, University of Sydney Law School
Advance praise: 'This book makes one reality brutally clear - that international environmental law cannot and must not be viewed as a subject for international lawyers, scholars, and students to alone savour. Rather, this book illuminates the complex, and often-hidden, ways in which international environmental law permeates both the study and practice of law much more generally. Simply put, this is exactly the book that will allow international environmental law to escape its specialist field billing and to capture the wide attention of all those seeking to understand law and its relationship to the future of this planet.' Natasha Affolder, University of British Columbia
Advance praise: 'International environmental law continues to grow in significance and complexity. This new edition by two of the leading contemporary experts in the field is welcome and timely. It provides what must be the most comprehensive and accessible account of the key treaties relating to the environment and the underlying environmental principles of international law. The treatment of international trade and investment law as it affects the environment is especially valuable.' Richard Macrory, Emeritus Professor of Environmental Law, University College London
Advance praise: 'This is a ‘must have’ volume for all interested in international environmental law. It is remarkable in its scope and ambition. It locates the subject within the broader framework of public international law and is attuned to contemporary developments in governance practice and theory as well as law. One can only wonder at the breadth of knowledge and insight of the authors.' Joanne Scott, European University Institute, Florence
Advance praise: 'This fourth edition of Principles of International Environmental Law firmly establishes this classic text as the authoritative guide for academics, practitioners and students alike. Written in an accessible manner and clearly structured, this book offers a comprehensive overview of the rules of public international law that have environmental protection as their goal. The authors have succeeded in striking the right balance between breadth of coverage and analytical depth. This book is, indeed, a treasure trove of knowledge and information.' Jolene Lin, National University of Singapore and author of Governing Climate Change: Global Cities and Transnational Lawmaking
