JN0-335 helper - Security, Specialist (JNCIS-SEC) Updated: 2024

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Juniper made the announcements in line with Mobile World Congress, taking place this week in Barcelona. With billions of smartphones and machine-to-machine devices expected by 2020, Juniper is among vendors looking to offer a combined portfolio of IP and mobile technologies, from core networking to consumer services, designed to ease the mobile traffic burdens.

Among this debuts are Juniper MobileNext, a mobile packet core with an open, programmable platform, and the true name of Juniper's oft-mentioned Project Falcon. MobileNext offers 2G/3G and Long Term Evolution (LTE) evolved packet core functions using the MobileNext Broadband Gateway, MobileNext Control Gateway and MobileNext Policy Manager.

The Broadband Gateway itself is software implemented on Juniper's MX 3D universal edge routers. The MobileNext Control Gateway, by contrast, is a standalone appliance that manages MobileNext's signaling. The Policy Manager, also software, is what controls policy and charging rules function (PCRF) for LTE. All will be generally available by mid-2011, according to Juniper.

Beyond the MobileNext offering is MobileNext Consumer Services -- providing simultaneous 2G/3G and LTE services -- and a suite called MobileNext Business Services, which combines APN technology with an operator's network via an SSL VPN with Juniper's Junos Pulse platform, allowing secure connectivity by corporate users with mobile devices.

Deeper into the portfolio is Juniper's Service Delivery Gateway software, which also sits on the MX 3Ds. The Service Delivery Gateway combines various IP functions such as carrier-grade network address translation (NAT), video optimization, application load balancing and dynamic subscriber awareness into a single Junos platform -- something Juniper says can save service providers 36 percent total cost of ownership because they don't have to buy point products for each function.

Other debuts this week include an expansion of Juniper's Media Flow Solution with integrated video optimization from Openwave Systems, and added security for Junos Pulse, including anti-virus, anti-spam, malware protection, remote device lock and other functions.

Juniper further debuted a set of Mobile Internet Professional Services, including LTE and IPv6 readiness assessments and mobile video optimization. All will help service providers more easily migrate to LTE, according to Juniper.

Wendy Cartee, vice president of marketing at Juniper, described the product rollouts as helping service providers optimize their networks while also creating greater services revenue.

"This is to help mobile operators monetize the smartphone revolution," Cartee told CRN Monday. "They need to upgrade their infrastructures or provide more bandwidth and performance. But it's also reducing cost, and building a network that is IP-centric, with everything from netbooks to laptops to phones now wireless."

For Juniper's partner ecosystem, there's an increasingly relevant play around software development for mobile infrastructure using Juniper's Junos platform and its various pieces.

MobileNext, for example, incorporates Juniper's Junos SDK to enable operators to develop applications and also work with third-party developers -- who can develop on Junos via the Junos Space piece -- to add services, Cartee explained.

"Imagine you're a mobile operator and you have a pipeline full of innovation that will potentially never run out," she said. "What we've seen in the smartphone era is applications that can be downloaded on the fly. And mobile operators are very cost sensitive -- they need to drive down costs in the network, and performance and scale are very important to them."

Cartee emphasized security services, but also carrier-grade NAT, parental controls and financial transactions, such as e-banking, as examples of the types of services a flexible platform will better enable.

"A fully programmable platform drives a business model," she said.

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Building Code: JH

Building Number: 041

Juniper Hall, built in 1962 as an all-women's residence hall, adjoins Manzanita Hall. Today, Juniper Hall houses 140 students, both men and women. When these two halls were built, all female residence halls on campus were named after trees, hence the names Manzanita and Juniper. The building also houses the Residential Life, Housing and Food Services offices.

You are in for such a treat. This recipe has utterly changed the way I cook pork belly. In truth, I had come across this Norwegian pork rib roast before, as I spent quite a lot of time in Norway when I was a young child, but I had no idea then how it was cooked and had long since forgotten about it.

It is not out of a desire to cut corners that I say this, but I do not want gravy here. This pork rib roast really doesn’t need it, and I’m not sure it suits it. I much prefer the softly lapping cream sauce from the Jansson’s Temptation, known in my house as Chip Gratin.

PayPal is the latest company to catch the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s attention for its stablecoin. On November 1, PayPal PYPL revealed in a 10-Q filing it “received a subpoena from the U.S. SEC Division of Enforcement relating to PayPal USD.” PayPal stated it will comply with the request. This is not the first time the SEC has targeted a key stablecoin player. In light of the SEC’s continued investigations into issuers and other stablecoin market participants, it’s worth comparing the structure of PayPal’s offering to other dollar-pegged digital assets.

PayPal’s stablecoin - called PYUSD - maintains its peg to the U.S. dollar with a reserve made up of “secure and highly liquid assets [including] dollar deposits, U.S. treasuries, and cash equivalents,” according to PayPal’s website. Incidentally, Tether USDT and USDC USDC maintain their peg to the U.S. dollar using a mechanism similar to PYUSD’s.

Tether’s website states, “all Tether tokens are pegged at 1-to-1 with a matching fiat currency and are backed 100% by Tether’s reserves.” These reserves, according to Tether’s independent auditor, are mostly made up of U.S. treasury bills - $56.6 billion of them - not cash. The list of reserve assets includes, surprisingly, less than $1 billion of cash and bank deposits. The parties managing Tether’s reserves lean heavily into overnight and term reverse repurchase agreements (about $8.8 billion), money market funds (about $8.2 billion), and secured loans (about $5.1 billion). Ironically, $1.6 billion of bitcoins are part of Tether’s reserve assets, along with several billions in precious metals and a broad category of “other investments.”

Circle has a similar, but less diverse, makeup of reserve assets. The company holds its reserves in cash, short-dated U.S. Treasuries, and overnight U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements. Some of these funds are held in Circle Reserve Fund, an SEC-registered government money market fund, which manages over $23 billion of reserve-backing assets.

As their respective audit and transparency reports make clear, USDC and Tether cannot be called “fiat-backed stablecoins” without a large asterisk. U.S. Treasuries are actually the largest asset class backing USDC and Tether, not fiat currency. In USDC’s case, even Circle’s Chief Financial Officer Jeremy Fox-Geen has acknowledged “the USDC reserve is held ~80% in short-dated U.S. Treasuries.”

U.S. Treasuries - not cash - scaffold the stablecoin markets. Fiat is but a secondary reserve asset. USDC and Tether are more accurately called “treasury-backed stablecoins” than anything else.

As the SEC’s enforcement arm searches for an angle to regulate stablecoin issuers by enforcement, it will certainly latch onto the crucial role of centralized parties who manage the underlying reserve pools of U.S. Treasuries. Without those pools, and without the centralized management of those reserves, the SEC might argue, retail buyers may not have faith enough to believe 1 Tether, or 1 USDC, or 1 PYUSD, will equal $1 in perpetuity.

Stablecoin issuers cannot ignore this centralization risk. Fortunately for PayPal, it is not a stablecoin issuer. Its stablecoin terms clearly draw the line between PayPal and the real issuer: “PYUSD is issued by Paxos, not PayPal.” In addition, Paxos - not PayPal - “is obligated to buy and sell PYUSD to and from PayPal at a stable price of $1.00 U.S. dollar per PYUSD token.” PYUSD is, in reality, a Paxos stablecoin marketed as a PayPal one.

New stablecoin issuers should read the tea leaves emerging from the SEC’s subpoena. It appears the SEC will continue its aggressive tack towards crypto for the foreseeable future. As a result, any new issuer taking a reserve-backed approach to maintaining a currency peg should expect an SEC subpoena after public launch. While the SEC may change its tune in a new administration, for 2024 at least, the industry will have to appropriately manage this risk.