The uncertainty that researchers face in specifying their estimation model threatens the validity of their inferences. In regression analyses of observational data, the 'true model' remains unknown, and researchers face a choice between plausible alternative specifications. Robustness testing allows researchers to explore the stability of their main estimates to plausible variations in model specifications. This highly accessible book presents the logic of robustness testing, provides an operational definition of robustness that can be applied in all quantitative research, and introduces readers to diverse types of robustness tests. Focusing on each dimension of model uncertainty in separate chapters, the authors provide a systematic overview of existing tests and develop many new ones. Whether it be uncertainty about the population or sample, measurement, the set of explanatory variables and their functional form, causal or temporal heterogeneity, or effect dynamics or spatial dependence, this book provides guidance and offers tests that researchers from across the social sciences can employ in their own research.
- Provides a list of existing and new tests for each dimension of model specification
- Develops the logic of robustness testing as the key way to tackle model uncertainty, improving the validity of inferences based on regression analysis of observational data
- Presents a typology of robustness tests introducing readers to ways of testing robustness that readers will find more useful than the model replacement type tests dominating current practice
- Includes a dedicated website with STATA replication data and do-files for all tests presented in the book to help readers understand how they would implement a test in their own research
Reviews & endorsements
Advance praise: 'Neumayer and Plümper have made an impressive contribution to research methodology. Rich in innovation and insight, Robustness Tests for Quantitative Research shows social scientists the way forward for improving the quality of inference with observational data. A must-read!' Harold D. Clarke, Ashbel Smith Professor, University of Texas, Dallas
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×Product details
- Date Published: August 2017
- format: Paperback
- isbn: 9781108401388
- length: 268 pages
- dimensions: 228 x 152 x 13 mm
- weight: 0.44kg
- availability: Available
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
Part I. Robustness – A Conceptual Framework:
2. Causal complexity and the limits to inferential validity
3. The logic of robustness testing
4. The concept of robustness
5. A typology of robustness tests
6. Alternatives to robustness testing?
Part II. Robustness Tests and the Dimensions of Model Uncertainty:
7. Population and sample
8. Concept validity and measurement
9. Explanatory and omitted variables
10. Functional forms beyond default
11. Causal heterogeneity and context conditionality
12. Structural change as temporal heterogeneity
13. Effect dynamics
14. Spatial correlation and dependence
15. Conclusion.
Authors
Eric Neumayer, London School of Economics and Political Science
Eric Neumayer is Professor of Environment and Development and Pro-Director Faculty Development at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).
Thomas Plümper, Vienna University of Economics
Thomas Plümper is Professor of Quantitative Social Research at the Vienna University of Economics and Business.
William A. Galston writes the weekly Politics & Ideas column in the Wall Street Journal. He holds the Ezra K. Zilkha Chair in the Brookings Institution’s Governance Studies Program, where he serves as a senior fellow. Before joining Brookings in January 2006, he was Saul Stern Professor and Acting Dean at the School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, director of the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, founding director of the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE), and executive director of the National Commission on Civic Renewal. A participant in six presidential campaigns, he served from 1993 to 1995 as Deputy Assistant to President Clinton for Domestic Policy.
Mr. Galston is the author of 10 books and more than 100 articles in the fields of political theory, public policy, and American politics. His most latest books are The Practice of Liberal Pluralism (Cambridge, 2004), Public Matters (Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), and Anti-Pluralism: The Populist Threat to Liberal Democracy (Yale, 2018). A winner of the American Political Science Association’s Hubert H. Humphrey Award, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2004.
September 13 is the last date to apply for the Common Admission Test 2023.
I always recommend to do the registration early on.
Go through the form carefully and be sure about all the data that you are intending to fill in, advises Aashish Sood.
The Common Admission Test (CAT), one of India's largest and most competitive entrance examinations, conducted by the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) is scheduled to be held on Sunday, November 26, 2023.
Performance in CAT 2023 will help enable admission into some of the top ranked management colleges in the country, including the
CAT 2023 will be conducted by the Indian Institute of Management-Lucknow.
The last date to register for the test is September 13, 2023.
There is no change in the CAT 2023 syllabus this year.
The CAT 2023 test is divided into three sections -- Verbal Ability and memorizing Comprehension; Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning and Quantitative Ability.
There will be three slots with a time duration of two hours per slot.
The total number of questions in the test has been reduced to 66 from 100.
I have compiled a list of Frequently Asked Questions to help you sail through some of the doubts you might have while filling the CAT 2023 application form.
1. What's the best time to fill the form for CAT 2023?
I always recommend to do the registration early on.
Go through the form with a fine-toothed comb and be sure about all the data that you are intending to fill in.
You must remember to complete the payment in the last couple of days.
When you register and don't pay, you would get periodic reminders from the Web site to complete the payment option.
Also, while you are at it, it would be a good idea to make a new e-mail ID which would be discarded after the entire process. This would ensure that your primary e-mail ID remains spam free.
2. What's the best time to fill CAT 2023 form to get a centre of my first preference?
There is no correlation to where you get your centre vis a vis when you fill CAT 2023 form.
The slots and centres are randomly allocation figuring in your preferences.
You may fill the CAT 2023 form at your convenience. Just remember that if your centre is more than 100 km from your place of residence, you must plan to reach there a day before, maybe book a room somewhere close by.
This way you can relax and be in the best state of mind before the exam.
3. What is the list of documents to upload along with the CAT 2023 application?
The only documents you need to upload are:
- Passport size photo
- Digital signature
- Category certificate with affidavit
- At a later stage, there will be requirement for another authorisation form in case if any candidate needs to carry medical implants like metal/pacemaker/lumbo sacral belt/knee pad/neck belt/asthma pump/diabetes pump/medicated tinted glass etc. due to medical reason.
4. Can I upload any photo or signature on the CAT 2023 form?
There are very clear guidelines on what constitutes as a valid photo or signature.
The absence of an acceptable photo might increase chances of your application getting rejected.
So, make sure to get an updated photo. Also, the exact same picture needs to be pasted in hard copy on your admit card also, otherwise entry to the test centre may be denied.
5. What subjects should I mention from my Class 10 or 12 marksheet?
The total marks of all subjects that appear in the Class 10 and 12 mark sheet/grade sheet would be considered irrespective of the Board's regulation.
6. How do I convert my CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) to percentage?
- For CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education), multiply your CGPA by 9.5
- For GGSIPU (Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University), multiply your CGPA by 10
- For Delhi University, multiply your CGPA by 9.5
- For other colleges, compute the aggregate percentage of marks obtained as per the norms of the University/Board. If no norms exist, enter the aggregate percentage of marks obtained for all years/semesters of the degree course.
7. I'm in final year of college. I don't have a degree. Am I eligible for CAT 2023? What marks do I input since I don't have my final result?
Any student who is in her/his final year of bachelor's degree is eligible for CAT 2023.
Even if you don't have a degree, once you get an admission, you get a provisional degree from your college.
It forms the basis of MBA admission. I worked for two years after my graduation. And I got my degree collected by a friend, while I was doing my MBA!
As for your marks, you will upload your last known CGPA, converted to percentage.
8. Is work experience important for CAT 2023? Will internship be counted as a work experience? If I was working part-time along with my graduation, will it be counted?
Part-time/project/internship/articleship/pre-graduation work experience should not be entered and will not be counted as work experience for CAT 2023 and MBA admission.
Other than that, it doesn't matter what kind of work experience you have. As long as you have the supporting paperwork, for point allocation purpose, teaching in a school is same as working in an MNC.
9. I am involved in the family business. How can I mention my entrepreneurial skills in CAT 2023 form?
If your family business is a registered organisation, you can mention it under work experience. However, you need to:
- Have an experience letter.
- Valid bank account statement and/or salary slips.
- Neither of the above two matters if you don't have fundamental knowledge of the work that you are claiming to do. That will be the easiest way for me to assess whether you are telling the truth or not!
10. I have a career gap before/after graduation. How can I hide it in the CAT 2023 application form?
You can't hide your gap year in CAT 2023 form and you shouldn't. The good thing is that you are aware of a gap.
What was the reason for the career gap?
Some critical illness?
Your plans fell through?
Were you trying something else, but didn't work out?
You need to create a storyline to justify your gap.
Skilling courses, internships etc can justify the gaps.
You need to work out an explanation by the time you reach your interview stage.
11. Where do I upload my CV points, certificates etc on the CAT 2023 form?
You don't need to upload your CV and certificates while filling CAT application form.
There will be an appropriate time when the CAT results are declared. At that time, the B schools will send a Performa for you to fill.
Once you get a call from a specific B-school, they will send a link to you where you would have to fill all such information like strength, weaknesses, role model etc
12. I don't have an updated EWS/Category certificate to upload
Upload whatever version you have. Just remember to download undertaking format from the CAT Web site and fill it.
Make a combined PDF of your category certificate and this undertaking and UPLOAD THAT with your application.
13. What all courses should I select in the CAT form?
As a thumb rule, fill all the PGDM courses.
Fill FPM/PhD courses only if you ready for a long-term commitment and are looking at teaching as career.
Fill niche courses like HR/Data Analytics only after a proper assessment of your interest areas. In case you aren't really sure, fill them all.
14. Do I register for non-IIM institutions as well by clicking on the link on the landing page?
A candidate cannot register for non-IIM institutions.
The link on the landing page is for non-IIM institutions to register themselves and pay to collect CAT scores for their selection process.
So, unless you represent any MBA institution, that link is not for you!
15. What are the different criteria used for MBA selection at b-schools?
- Marks in Class 10
- Marks in Class 12
- Marks in graduation (May even differ from stream to stream)
- Work Experience (type of work experience isn't mentioned anywhere)
- Gender
- Diversity factor
- Performance in GD/PI/WAT
- Last but certainly not the least, your CAT/entrance test score
How to apply and prepare for CAT 2023? Ask rediffGURU Aashish Sood
Aashish Sood is an IIM-Lucknow alumnus who has been teaching Maths and Quantitative aptitude to MBA aspirants for over a decade. He also mentors management student hopefuls for the group discussion and personal interview rounds that follow competitive examinations. He has appeared for CAT seven times since 2016 and scored in the 99.9X percentile.
Feature Presentation: Ashish Narsale/Rediff.com
Consideration for admission to graduate study in Counseling will occur in the fall and spring semesters. The completed application packet must be received by the Counseling Program from the Graduate School by the dates shown for each program on the School of Education Graduate Admissions page.
NOTE: Applicants to the Marriage, Couples and Family (MCF) or Clinical Mental Health (CMH) certificate program are not required to submit all document listed below. Instead, applicants for the MCF or CMH certificate submit an abbreviated application via the UAB Graduate School website. See the MCF or CMH certificate pages for more information.
Register for an information session
Applications for Master’s Degree in Counseling
Admission to graduate study in Counseling is initiated through the Graduate School and all required materials are to be submitted per specified instructions delineated by the Graduate School.
Each applicant seeking admission to a Counseling program concentration must include with the other required materials, a typewritten statement of professional purpose that reflects the applicant’s background, development, pertinent work-related experience, professional career objectives and specified ways that completion of this program will contribute to his/her goal for becoming a professional counselor. Applicants to the school counseling concentration who do not already hold a teaching certificate in the state of Alabama must complete fingerprinting and a background check as part of their application.
Standardized Test Scores and GPA Requirements
Undergraduate GPA: (2.75 or better)
Standardized Test Scores: GRE-V (146 or better) and GRE-Q (147 or better)
Per the 2016 Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Program (CACREP) Standards, admission decisions must include consideration of each applicant’s (1) career goals, (2) aptitude for graduate-level study, (3) potential success in forming effective counseling relationships, and (4) respect for cultural differences.
Given these requirements, the admission committee considers multiple sources of information when making decisions. Because GRE test scores are one of several indicators, lower scores will not automatically disqualify applicants just as high scores do not automatically ensure admission. Additional sources of information include previous/current grade point average, letters of recommendation, and a personal statement. It should be noted that our applicants typically score above the 50th percentile on both the quantitative and verbal domains.
In addition, applicants deemed to have acceptable scores, strong references, appropriate statement of purposes, and grades will be invited for an interview that will include a series of individual interviews, a group experience, and a possible writing trial with the Counseling faculty. Applicants should not infer they have been admitted into the program if granted an admissions interview.
The Counseling faculty will make admission decisions after reviewing the applicant's credentials in their entirety, and some candidates meeting minimum requirements may not be admitted. Further, the faculty reserves the right to make subjective decisions about a candidate’s ability to appropriately complete graduate work which may influence the decision to admit. Candidates participating in the interview may be given one of two decisions: a) admit, b) denied. Students are notified of their admission status following the interview.
Non-Degree Seeking Students
Potential students may take classes prior to admission to the Counseling Program as "non-degree seeking" students. However, non-degree seeking students are limited to 12 hours of coursework that may be transferred into the Counseling Program. Non-degree seeking students may enroll in elective courses with the permission of the instructor. It would be important for non-degree seeking students to make an advising appointment with a Counseling faculty member prior to enrolling in courses. Non-degree seeking students are not permitted to take courses not designated as open to non-degree seeking students. It is also important to note that students taking coursework as a non-degree seeking student do so at their own risk. Enrolling and passing non-degree seeking coursework does not ensure admission into the program as admission criteria (e.g., test scores, undergraduate GPA, and interview) are the primary factors considered when reviewing student suitability for the program.
Physicists investigate the fundamental properties of our physical world and develop a quantitative understanding of its phenomena with the scale of the investigations ranging from the sub-atomic to the transgalactic. Physics and astronomy have had a profound impact on how we perceive the universe and our position in it. The Secondary Science Education major at the University of Delaware offers students interested in teaching middle or high school science the opportunity to study their scientific area of interest—like physics—while also learning about and practicing the best teaching methods.
RELATED MAJORS
What’s special about this program?
The Secondary Science Education Program has a partnership agreement with a local school district. Science teachers collaborate with university personnel to provide an innovative science education program that culminates in a capstone experience of student teaching. The Secondary Science Education Program has led the university in using coteaching as a model for student teaching. This innovative approach on learning to teach emphasizes professional collaborations between students and teachers. Physics education students are introduced to STEM and various education technologies to enhance their teaching practice. The university’s clinical faculty oversee the physics education students’ field experiences and provide professional development to the district’s science teachers.
