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4A0-113 Nokia OSPF Routing Protocol guide | http://babelouedstory.com/
4A0-113 guide - Nokia OSPF Routing Protocol Updated: 2024
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Question: 22
Select the answer below that correctly lists the 5 different OSPF packet types.
A. Hello, Link State Update, Link State Packet, Link State Acknowledgement, Database Descriptor
B. Link State Update, Link State Refresh, Link State Acknowledgement, Database Descriptor, Notification
C. Hello, Link State Refresh, Link State Update, Link State Acknowledgement, Link State Authentication
D. Hello, Link State Update, Link State Request, Link State Acknowledgement, Database Descriptor Answer: D Question: 23
A router receives an OSPF database description packet from a neighbor that references an LSA, which is already in
the router's LSDB.The sequence number in the DBD packet is lower than the sequence number of the LSA in
the LSDB. What action does the router take?
A. The router sends a link-state update to its neighbor.
B. The router sends a link-state acknowledgement to its neighbor.
C. The router updates the information in its LSDB with the information received from its neighbor.
D. The router sends a link-state request to its neighbor.
E. The router takes no action. Answer: A Question: 24
What is the metric and maximum routable value for RIP?
A. Hop count and 16
B. Hop count and 15
C. Link cost and 15
D. Link cost and 16 Answer: B Question: 25
What address is used when RIPv2 uses multicast to send its updates?
A. 224.0.0.5
B. 224.0.0.6
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C. 224.0.0.9
D. 224.0.0.10
E. RIPv2 does not have support for multicast Answer: C Question: 26
What are some of the characteristics of Nokia's implementation of non-stop routing? (Choose two)
A. No protocol extensions required
B. Only supported by OSPF and IS-IS
C. Transparent to routing neighbors
D. Uses Graceful Restart to inter-operate with other vendors Answer: A,C Question: 27
Which of the following cannot be used as a matching criterion in route policy statements?
A. Source IP address
B. TCP source port
C. Prefix list
D. Protocol type Answer: D Question: 28
Choose the Distance Vector Protocols from the list below:
A. OSPF
B. RIPv1
C. RIPv2
D. IS-IS Answer: B,C Question: 29
Click on the exhibit.
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Router R2 learns the networks shown from IS-IS.Router R2 is configured to redistribute routes from IS-IS to OSPF as
shown.Assume the OSPF and IS-IS adjacencies are operational.
How many OSPF Type 5 LSAs will router R1 receive from router R2?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4 Answer: D Question: 30
Click the exhibit button.
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Given the topology and the show commands, and assuming that router R2 advertises all of its loopbacks into OSPF,
what is the correct router R1 configuration?
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A. Option A
B. Option B
C. Option C
D. Option D Answer: A Question: 31
What is the protocol number for OSPF in the IP header?
A. OSPF uses TCP, so the protocol number is 6.
B. OSPF uses UDP, so the protocol number is 17.
C. OSPF does not use I
D. OSPF has its own protocol number of 89. Answer: A Question: 32
Which of the following best describes the type of packets used by OSPF routers to exchange updates on a point-to-
point link?
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A. IP packets sent to an IP multicast address.
B. TCP packets sent to an IP multicast address.
C. IP packets sent to an IP unicast address.
D. UDP packets sent to an IP multicast address. Answer: A Question: 33
Click the exhibit button.
Routers R1 â R2, and R3 are running a classful routing protocol between them.Assuming that router R1 advertises all
directly connected networks, how will these networks be represented in router R3's routing table?
A. Router R3's routing table can only contain one of the routes, which will result in route flapping.
B. Router R3's routing table will have one entry for 10.1.1.0/24 and one entry for 10.1.2.0/24.
C. The networks will be represented with one entry of 10.0.0.0/8 in router R3's routing table.
D. The networks will be represented with one entry of 10.0.0.0/24 in router R3's route table. Answer: C Question: 34
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Which one of the commands below will create a static route to network 2.3.4.0/24 on the AlcatelLucent 7750 SR
router?
A. Static route 2.3.4.0 255.255.255.0 next hop 3.4.5.6
B. Static-route next-hop 3.4.5.6 2.3.4.0/24
C. Static route 2.3.4.0/24 next hop 3.4.5.6
D. Static-route 2.3.4.0/24 next-hop 3.4.5.6 Answer: D Question: 35
When are virtual links used in OSPF?
A. When two areas need to communicate and there is no area 0.
B. When an area needs to traverse another area to reach area 0.
C. When two areas are connected to area 0, but there is no direct path between them.
D. When an area needs to connect directly to another area without using area 0. Answer: B
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Nokia has announced that it has signed a new 5G patent license agreement with smartphone maker Honor, Nokia has said that this is the fourth major smartphone maker they have signed a smartphone agreement with in the last 12 months.
Susanna Martikainen, Chief Licensing Officer Mobile Devices at Nokia said: “We are delighted to have concluded an amicable patent cross-license agreement with Honor, one of the leading players in the Chinese smartphone market. It is the fourth major litigation-free smartphone agreement that Nokia has concluded over the past twelve months and highlights once again the strength of Nokia’s patent portfolio and decades-long contributions to cellular standards and other technologies.”
Wenyu Zhou, Head of Global Intellectual Property at Honor said: “As both 5G SEP holder and implementor, Honor highly respects IP rights and strongly believes that reasonable value of IP is important to the development of mobile industry. The conclusion of the patent cross-license agreement shows Honor’s commitment on innovation to enabling a smart life across all scenarios and all channels, for all people.”
Nokia’s industry-leading patent portfolio is built on more than €140 billion invested in R&D since 2000 and is composed of around 20,000 patent families, including over 6,000 patent families declared essential to 5G. Nokia contributes its inventions to open standards in return for the right to license them on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms. Companies can license and use these technologies without the need to make their own substantial investments in the standards, fueling innovation and the development of new products and services for consumers.
You can find out more details about the new patent agreement between Nokia and Honor for 5G smartphone patents over at the Nokia website at the link below.
Disclosure: Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, Geeky Gadgets may earn an affiliate commission. Learn about our Disclosure Policy.Thu, 04 Jan 2024 20:30:00 -0600Roland Hutchinsonen-UStext/htmlhttps://www.geeky-gadgets.com/nokia-and-honor-sign-5g-patent-license-agreement/An Experts' Guide to International Protocol
Although modern life grows increasingly casual, in many sectors, protocol still reigns supreme. An Expert's Guide to International Protocol offers an overview of its associated practices, including those found within the context of diplomatic relations and the business world. Focusing on a wide range of countries and cultures, the book covers syllabus like seating arrangements, the history and use of flags, ceremonies, invitations and dress codes, and gifts and decorations. Throughout, influential diplomatic, business, cultural, and sports figures share their own experiences with protocols around the world, also throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
Wed, 08 Feb 2023 12:03:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/books/an-experts-guide-to-international-protocol/CB397D9DD4D3BAD7743341CABFCF0CF8The definitive guide to 5G: Everything you need to knowNo result found, try new keyword!This is our definitive guide to 5G, with explanations on 5G terms and technologies including sub-6GHz, mmWave, and much more.Mon, 01 Jan 2024 05:01:18 -0600en-ustext/htmlhttps://www.msn.com/Nokia (NOK) Kickstarts 2024 With Honor Patent Licensing DealNo result found, try new keyword!Nokia Corporation NOK has started 2024 on a promising note by inking a new patent cross-license agreement with Honor for an undisclosed amount. The licensing deal with one of the leading smartphone ...Thu, 04 Jan 2024 22:21:00 -0600https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nokia-nok-kickstarts-2024-with-honor-patent-licensing-dealGaia’s Protocol Reviews - Is It Legit? What To Know Before Buy!No result found, try new keyword!Gaia's Protocol by George Bridgeham is a comprehensive and detailed guide that explains how anyone may affordably begin to flood their cells with the revitalizing and healing power of oxygen.Wed, 19 Oct 2022 03:33:00 -0500en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.outlookindia.com/business-spotlight/gaia-s-protocol-reviews-is-it-legit-what-to-know-before-buy--news-231086The Joint Pain Protocol Reviews - Effective Book Or Guide Not Worth It?No result found, try new keyword!However, you probably haven't tried the Joint Pain Protocol. The Joint Pain Protocol was made to tackle the issue of joint pain. This program aims to ensure that people can return to their normal ...Wed, 19 Oct 2022 03:40:00 -0500en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.outlookindia.com/business-spotlight/the-joint-pain-protocol-reviews-effective-book-or-guide-not-worth-it--news-231091NBA outlines health and safety protocols for 2020-21 season
Every NBA team has a received memo outlining health regulations for the upcoming season.
Last week, the NBA distributed to teams a health-and-safety protocol guide for the 2020-21 NBA season, outlining procedures for how it will deal with the coronavirus.
Now the league has provided updated guidance detailing further restrictions at home and on the road, safety precautions for the NBA principals and their families, and discipline for violations that could affect other players, teams and the game schedule itself.
Daily testing began last weekend in advance of training camps opening. Teams began required individual workouts Tuesday, with group activities starting this weekend.
Among the key provisions in the initial document:
• Occurrence of independent cases (not spread among players or staff), or a small or “expected number” of COVID-19 cases will not require a decision to suspend or cancel the season.
• Anyone who tests positive will have two routes to return to work: go 10 days or more after the first positive test or onset of symptoms, or test negative twice at least 24 hours apart via PCR testing.
• Any player who tests positive, even if asymptomatic, will not be allowed to exercise for a minimum of 10 days and then must be monitored in individual workouts for an additional two days.
• There are no criteria mentioned for what might prompt the NBA to suspend the season.
• Team traveling parties will be limited to 45 people, including 17 players, as they make their way around the country to play a home-and-road schedule in NBA arenas.
• As in the Orlando bubble, an anonymous tip line will be made available to report possible violations of safety protocols.
The latest memo (distributed to teams Saturday, as reported by ESPN) specified the NBA’s response to and penalties for violation safety protocols. After the successful restart last summer to complete the 2019-20 season and postseason in the Orlando “bubble,” the league is tackling a more traditional — and potentially precarious — approach this season with in-market games, including travel and hotel stays.
Details of the enhanced virus protocols and discipline policies include:
• Players violating the safety guidelines may face a loss of pay proportionate to any lost availability due to quarantines or reinstatement steps. Other penalties may include formal warnings, fines, suspensions or educational sessions.
• The NBA may conduct unannounced inspections of team facilities to ensure that franchises are complying with the safety protocols.
• Once a vaccine is available, the league and the National Basketball Players Association will negotiate whether players, coaches and staff will be required to receive it. If it is not required, adjustments to the safety provisions — such as requiring more masking or testing of those who choose not to receive the vaccination — might be implemented.
• While in their team’s home market, team personnel will be prohibited from going to bars, lunges or clubs, from attending live entertainment or sports events, from using gyms, spas or pools, or from participating in social gatherings with more than 15 people.
• On the road, players, coaches and staff will be permitted to dine outside their hotels if the restaurants provide outdoor dining, have fully privatized indoor rooms, or have met requirements to be formally approved by the league and the players’ union. The NBA and NBPA will work to provide a list of at least three approved restaurants in each market.
• Teams will designate traveling parties of no more than 45 people as “Tier 1” members. Other employees and staff with less direct contact, requiring masks and social-distancing, will be classified as “Tier 2.” Individuals in both tiers will be subject to daily coronavirus testing. The NBA also will provide twice-weekly tests for household members of players and staff.
• Teams also face potential penalties for failing to comply with or failing to report violations of the mandated safety protocols.
The NBA preseason schedule, featuring 49 games (two to four per team), begins Friday and runs through Dec. 19. The NBA’s plan for a 72-game regular season starts Dec. 22 and ends in mid-May, with the 2021 Finals scheduled to be completed in July.
The 2019-20 season was interrupted by a virus shutdown that lasted from March 11 to July 30. Play resumed with 22 of the 30 teams participating in eight seeding games, after which a Play-In Tournament for the Western Conference No. 8 seed was followed by the traditional 16-team playoff bracket.
All games and activities of the restart were staged in a “bubble” at ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex in the Walt Disney World resort outside Orlando. The ambitious and costly (approximately $180 million) project saved the league an estimated $1.5 billion in additional revenue losses, while enabling the Los Angeles Lakers to be crowned as 2020 champions on Oct. 11.
The views on this page do not necessarily reflect the views of the NBA, its clubs or Turner Broadcasting.
Sat, 05 Dec 2020 11:17:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.nba.com/news/nba-establishes-health-and-safety-protocol-for-2020-21-seasonThe best smart home hubs of 2024
The more smart home devices you add to your home, the more you're going to need one of the best smart home hubs. A smart home hub acts as a centralized spot from which you can control all of your various devices, be it lights, locks, garage door openers, thermostats, cameras, and more.
More importantly, a smart home hub lets you connect all those smart home devices together. For instance, when you lock your smart lock, a smart home hub can tell your lights to turn off, and your thermostat to go into eco mode. It's a key gadget for creating an automated smart home.Â
That's just one of the things a good smart home hub can do, but some are more capable than others. That's why we've tested the smart home hubs that work with Alexa, Google Assistant, SmartThings, and Apple HomeKit to let you know which is best.
It has Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Matter, acts as an eero extender, has motion and temperature sensors, and can listen for smoke alarms and glass breaking. And, it's less than $100.
In addition to acting as a smart home hub — with temperature and occupancy sensors — the HomePod 2 is one of the best smart speakers around. It's pricey, though.
This smart display puts all your smart home controls at your fingertips, lets you view your video doorbell and security cameras, and has a camera for video chats, too.Â
While it has a steep learning curve, Hubitat gives you incredibly granular control over all your smart home devices, and supports both Zigbee and Z-Wave.
With Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Zigbee, the Amazon Echo (4th generation) is the best smart home hub for most people. Thanks to its multiple radios, it can connect to a huge number of low-power smart home devices, and Alexa's routines are pretty sophisticated, letting you use a number of triggers to automatically activate other smart home devices. It also works with Alexa Guard, which will listen for glass breaking and smoke alarms, and can turn on your lights and notify you in the event of an emergency. It also connects to scores of smart home devices; you'll want to check out our list of the best Alexa compatible devices when putting together your smart home.
The 4th-generation Echo also supports Amazon Sidewalk, a very new low-power, long-range networking protocol, which will work with things such as Tile trackers and smart lights over much greater distances.Â
The best smart home hub that works with SmartThings
Specifications
Size:5 x 5 x 1.2 inches
Wireless:Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-Wave
Ports:Ethernet, USB
Battery Backup:No
Reasons to buy
+
Allows for more automation than other hubs
+
Works with Zigbee and Z-Wave devices
+
Works with Matter
For years, the Samsung SmartThings hub was one of our top picks for the best smart home hubs because it had both Zigbee and Z-Wave inside, so you can connect to hundreds of devices, more than most other hubs. What's more, the SmartThings app is loaded with functionality, which lets you create a wide range of different scenarios for all of the gadgets in your home. Best of all, SmartThings now works with Nest and Matter products, making it a truly complete smart home hub.
However, Samsung is no longer making its SmartThings Hub, so to use its SmartThings platform, you'll need the Aeotec Smart Home Hub, which replicates all of the same functions. It's essentially the same hardware, but with a different logo on the front, and in our testing, it worked just as well.
At just $59, the Echo Dot with Clock is half the price of most of the other best smart home hubs, making it an inexpensive investment for those just getting into smart home automation. While it lacks Zigbee or Z-Wave, if your smart home devices have Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, this shouldn't be a problem. And, it also works with Matter and as an extender if you have an eero mesh Wi-FI router.
And, via the Alexa app, you can create some surprisingly powerful routines; we especially like Alexa Guard, which can activate smart home devices if it hears fire alarms or glass breaking.
If you want to save a few bucks, the 5th-generation Echo Dot — sans clock — costs $49, and the older (and flatter) 3rd-generation Echo Dot now costs $49.
Temperature, humidity sensors to augment smart home controls
Reasons to avoid
-
One of the most expensive smart speakers
The Apple HomePod (2nd generation) looks much like the original, but inside, it's had a few upgrades to make it more future-proof for the smart home. For starters, it supports the Matter smart home standard, so it should be easier to connect and control a greater range of smart home devices. And, the HomePod 2 also has temperature and humidity sensors, which can be used to create automations in HomeKit.
An update to the HomePod lets it listen for smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, and send you an alert if it hears an alarm. We found that the HomePod 2 sounded every bit as good as the original — it's one of the best smart speakers — but its high price of $299 may turn off those who aren't invested in Apple's ecosystem.
A great smart display, but limited smart home hub capabilities
Specifications
Works With:Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread
Size:9.9 x 7.2 x 4 inches
Ports:None
Battery Backup:No
Reasons to buy
+
Great display
+
Excellent audio
+
Lots of entertainment options
+
Good camera for video chats
Reasons to avoid
-
Google Home has limited smart home capabilities
The Google Nest Hub Max is an excellent smart display: It has a spacious 10-inch screen which can be used for watching YouTube and Netflix, looking up recipes, news, and more; its dual speakers are powerful; and its 6.5MP camera is great for Google Duo video calls, and will even "follow" you as you move across the room.
Connectivity-wise, it has Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Thread, a newish smart home networking protocol that Google (and others) have been trying to popularize for a few years. The Nest Hub Max's display can be used to view live footage from Google Assistant-compatible home security cameras, video doorbells, and baby monitors, and on-screen controls let you adjust smart light levels. And, the best Google Home compatible devices are nearly as numerous as those that work with Alexa.Â
Google has also released the Google Pixel Tablet, which has smart home controls in a clever dashboard, so it's easy to control all your smart home devices. However, the Pixel Tablet does not have Thread support.Â
Allows for complex interactions between smart home devices
+
All smart home logic stored locally
Reasons to avoid
-
Steep learning curve
-
Hub has to be plugged into router
Because of its steep learning curve but incredibly granular controls, the Hubitat Elevation is the best smart home hub for power users. Homeowners who want to create incredibly specific rules and situations for when their smart home devices activate will appreciate all that you can do from within Hubitat's web interface.Â
The Hubitat Elevation itself is very small — the size of a thick coaster — but packs in both Zigbee and Z-Wave antennas. However, it lacks Wi-Fi, so you'll have to plug it into your router in order to use it. When we first reviewed the Hubitat Elevation, it lacked a smartphone app, so you had to control everything through a web interface. Since then, the company added a mobile app for both Android and iPhones, making it easier to monitor your smart home on the go.
Hubitat released a new smart home hub: the Hubitat  Elevation Model C-8 ($149) features Z-Wave Plus 800 and Zigbee 3.0. In addition, it has two external Antennas, has both Wi-Fi and Ethernet, and will run off a USB-C power supply. The company is also offering free migration from its older C-5 and C-7 hubs.
Wireless:802.11n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 5.0, Thread, Matter
Ports:None
Battery backup:No
Reasons to buy
+
Great audio for size
+
Competitive price
+
Attractive design
Reasons to avoid
-
Limited child controls
-
No physical microphone button
We actually think that Apple's HomeKit smart home platform is better than Google's. Even though HomeKit supports fewer devices (check out our list of the best HomeKit devices), it allows for greater complexity when creating smart home routines. And, we don't have to worry as much what Apple is doing with our data. As of iOS 16.1, it has been updated to support Matter, too.Â
The HomePod mini is not only an affordable smart speaker, but it also acts as a HomeKit hub, letting you connect locks, lights, and other low-power devices directly to it. The HomePod mini also has Thread built in; while there are relatively few smart home gadgets that have this technology, we expect it to increase in popularity, as it's supported by both Apple and Google.Â
In addition, the HomePod mini has temperature and humidity sensors, which Apple  activated in January 2023; you can use these sensors to create automations in HomeKit.
Works With:Zigbee, Nest, Philips Hue, SmartThings, IFTTT, Matter
Ports:microUSB
Battery Backup:No
Reasons to buy
+
Excellent audio with bass
+
Convenient smart-home hub
+
Two-way doorbell and camera audio
One of the best smart home hubs and smart displays in one device, the third-generation Amazon Echo Show 10 can now turn to face whoever is asking Alexa questions. It ensures that you get the best view of the screen, but as a result, requires a lot more room than previous models.Â
Like the Amazon Echo Plus, the Echo Show has Zigbee built in, so you can connect smart home devices directly to the Show. It also has Amazon Sidewalk, a new networking technology that connects low-power devices to the Internet at greater distances. However, at $249, it's one of the more expensive smart home speakers around. We'd recommend purchasing it for its other features before considering it as a smart home hub.
A HomeKit smart home hub with a streaming TV platform
Specifications
Size:3.9 x 3.9 x 1.9 inches
Works With:HomeKit, Matter
Ports:Ethernet, HDMI, microUSB
Battery Backup:No
Reasons to buy
+
Fantastic 4K HDR content
+
Intuitive home screen
+
Simple iOS and macOS integration
Reasons to avoid
-
Fiddly remote
-
No digital audio or USB ports
One advantage of using the Apple TV 4K as your HomeKit hub is that you can view live feeds from your security cameras and video doorbells on your TV, rather than just your smartphone, which is handy if you're watching one of your favorite shows and someone rings your front doorbell.
While you can use a variety of Apple products as a HomeKit hub—an iPad and the HomePod also work—the Apple TV 4K is the least expensive method. Plus, it's one of the best streaming devices around, letting you watch 4K HDR content from a large number of sources via an easy-to-use interface.Â
However, if you want full smart home support, you'll need to get the $149 Apple TV 4K; in addition to an Ethernet port, this is the only model that has support for Thread and Matter, the new smart home standard.
The best smart home hub to connect Nest devices to HomeKit
Specifications
Size:2 x 2 x
Wireless:None
Ports:Ethernet, microSD
Battery Backup:No
Reasons to buy
+
Links Nest and HomeKit
+
Works well
The Starling Home Hub does one thing, and does one thing well: It connects Nest devices — such as the Nest Learning Thermostat and the Nest Protect — to Apple's HomeKit smart home platform. (Sadly, Apple and Nest have never played well together). This means if you're using Apple's smart home platform, you can use some of the best smart thermostats and best smart smoke detectors.Â
Even better — the Starling Hub also lets you view your Nest security cameras in the Apple Home app, and even use HomeKit secure video for supported Nest cameras — the Nest Cam (wired), Nest Cam (battery), and Nest Cam with Floodlight. However, you'll need to subscribe to Nest Aware, so the costs can add up. Starling also released an iOS app, so you no longer have to use a web interface to adjust settings or connect new devices.
A firmware update (14.2) in December 2023 brought improved video quality to 1st-generation Nest cams (Nest Cam IQ, Nest Cam IQ Outdoor, Nest Hello / Nest Doorbell (1st gen, wired)), which doubles the frame rate and resolution streaming to HomeKit. In addition, you can now stream up to 10 such cameras, up from just one.
When choosing a smart home hub that's best for your needs, you first have to ask yourself what you want to do with it, and what you want to control. If all you have is one set of smart lights, then you probably don't need a smart home hub. But, if you have smart lights and a smart lock, and want the lights to turn on when the lock opens at night, then you might need a smart home hub.
For most people, the best smart home hub will be the 4th Generation Amazon Echo. You can connect it with other smart home devices via Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth and Amazon Sidewalk, and, through the Amazon Alexa app, you can create routines that can activate your smart home devices through triggers, such as you leaving or arriving home. Alexa Guard can also turn on smart home devices if your Echo hears a fire alarm or a window breaking. And, because the Echo is a smart speaker, you can also control your smart home devices by talking to Alexa. It's also been updated to support Matter.Â
If you're looking for more deeper integration among your smart home devices, the best option is the Aeotec Smart Home Hub, which works with Samsung's SmartThings platform. It allows for more granular control from one device to another, and lets you create more sophisticated routines. It's also very easy to use, and will be updated to support Matter this year.
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, or Z-Wave? Every smart home device will use some sort of wireless technology to communicate with others. Smaller devices, such as door and window sensors and motion detectors, will generally use Zigbee or Z-Wave, as they're low power, and don't need to transmit a lot of data. That's why these sensors can be built so small; however, they need to link to a bridge (such as a smart home hub) if you want to connect them to the internet. Traditionally, smart locks have also used this technology, but increasingly are switching over to Wi-Fi. You can read our explainer on Zigbee, Z-Wave, Thread and WeMo for a deeper dive.Â
Larger devices, and those that can draw from a steady power source, generally use Wi-Fi, as it can transmit more data, and doesn't require a bridge or a hub. Devices in this category include home security cameras, smart thermostats, and video doorbells.Â
Consider the products you want to connect. If they're all on Wi-Fi, then you can use a smart home hub like the Amazon Echo Dot, and use the Alexa app to control everything. If you have other types of devices — Zigbee and Z-Wave, for instance — you'll need to purchase a smart home hub that can receive those signals.Â
Matter
A new connectivity standard called Matter is now online. While it's still in the early going, this protocol, which has been endorsed by Amazon, Google, and Apple, among many others, promises to make linking smart home devices far simpler. It also will potentially make many more smart home devices available to HomeKit owners, which has been one of the friction points for Apple's smart home platform. However, not all current smart home devices will support Matter, so if you want to use it, you may have to purchase new equipment.Â
Smart home hub FAQ
Do I need a smart home hub?
If you plan on installing a lot of smart home devices in your home — a smart thermostat, smart lights, smart locks, and more — then getting a smart home hub to control them all from a single place can be helpful. More importantly, the hub will let you connect all those devices in a single interface, so you can automate your smart home. However, if all you have are a couple of smart lights, then you probably don't need a smart home hub.
What does a hub do in a smart home?
When you have a lot of smart home devices, you want to be able to control them from one place. A smart home hub can talk to all of those devices, so that you can use a single app to control everything. What's more, a smart home hub will let you create interactions between your various smart home devices. For example, you can program your smart lights to turn on automatically if you unlock your smart lock, or open your garage door.Â
What smart hub works with Nest?
The Nest Hub Max can be used to control all Nest products, such as the Nest Learning Thermostat, the Nest Cam, and the Nest Doorbell. If you want something that can work with Nest and other products, then we recommend SmartThings, which lets you do a lot more than you can with Google Home alone.Â
How we test smart home hubs
We test every smart home hub by installing them in a real-world scenario (our house, to be exact). The first criteria is to determine how easy they are to set up; those aimed at novice smart home users should be simpler to understand than advanced smart home hubs.
We also look at the number of devices that can connect to a smart home hub. After all, if there aren't that many things that can work with a hub, its usefulness is rather limited.Â
After that, they key to any smart home hub is determining how complex you can make the interactions between various smart home devices. For instance, if a hub only lets you create rules based on the time of day or when you speak a command, then that's pretty limited. The best smart home hubs will let you do much more, such as changing their status based on your location or what happens when another smart home device turns on or off.
We look to see how sophisticated we can make these rules and routines, and the ease with which we can create them. Lastly, we test the routines we create to see how well they work.
For more information on our testing methodology and ratings, please check out theTom's Guide how we testpage.
Other smart home guides to check out
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