TA-002-P answers - HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate 2023 Updated: 2023
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TA-002-P HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate 2023
Title: HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate (TA-002-P)
Test Detail:
The HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate (TA-002-P) test is designed to validate the knowledge and skills required to effectively use Terraform to automate infrastructure provisioning and management. This certification is intended for professionals who work with Terraform and are responsible for designing and implementing infrastructure as code solutions.
Course Outline:
The HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate course provides participants with a comprehensive understanding of Terraform and its capabilities. The following is a general outline of the key areas covered in the certification program:
1. Introduction to Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and Terraform:
- Understanding the principles and benefits of IaC
- Introduction to Terraform and its use cases
- Terraform installation and basic configuration
2. Terraform Configuration Language (HCL):
- Learning the syntax and structure of HCL
- Declaring and managing resources using HCL
- Using variables, modules, and data sources in Terraform configurations
3. Terraform Workflow and Commands:
- Understanding the Terraform workflow and state management
- Initializing and planning Terraform configurations
- Applying and destroying infrastructure using Terraform
4. Terraform Providers and Modules:
- Exploring Terraform providers and their configuration
- Leveraging community and custom modules in Terraform
- Working with remote and local modules
5. Terraform Best Practices and Security:
- Implementing best practices for Terraform code organization and version control
- Applying security practices for protecting sensitive information
- Managing Terraform workspaces and environments
Exam Objectives:
The HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate (TA-002-P) test assesses candidates' knowledge and skills in using Terraform for infrastructure provisioning and management. The test objectives include, but are not limited to:
1. Understanding the Terraform workflow and core concepts.
2. Writing and managing Terraform configurations using HCL.
3. Using Terraform commands for initialization, planning, and applying changes.
4. Configuring and using Terraform providers and modules.
5. Applying best practices and security measures when working with Terraform.
Syllabus:
The HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate (TA-002-P) certification program typically includes comprehensive training provided by HashiCorp or authorized training partners. The syllabus provides a breakdown of the subjects covered throughout the course, including specific learning objectives and milestones. The syllabus may include the following components:
- Introduction to the HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate (TA-002-P) test overview and certification process
- Introduction to Infrastructure as Code and Terraform
- Terraform Configuration Language (HCL)
- Terraform Workflow and Commands
- Terraform Providers and Modules
- Terraform Best Practices and Security
- test Preparation and Practice Tests
- Final HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate (TA-002-P) Certification Exam
HashiCorp Certified: answers
Other HashiCorp exams
TA-002-P HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate 2023VA-002-P HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate
TA-002-P
HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate
https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/TA-002-P
Question: 87
One remote backend configuration always maps to a single remote workspace.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Explanation:
The remote backend can work with either a single remote Terraform Cloud workspace, or with multiple similarly-named remote workspaces (like networking-dev and networking-prod). The workspaces block of the backend configuration determines which
mode it uses: To use a single remote Terraform Cloud workspace, set workspaces.name to the remote workspace’s full name (like networking-prod). To use multiple remote workspaces, set workspaces.prefix to a prefix used in all of the desired remote
workspace names. For example, set prefix = "networking-" to use Terraform cloud workspaces with names like networking-dev and networking-prod. This is helpful when mapping multiple Terraform CLI workspaces used in a single Terraform configuration
to multiple Terraform Cloud workspaces.
Question: 88
A provider configuration block is required in every Terraform configuration.
Example:
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Explanation:
Unlike many other objects in the Terraform language, a provider block may be omitted if its contents would otherwise be empty. Terraform assumes an empty default configuration for any provider that is not explicitly configured.
https://www.terraform.io/language/providers/configuration
Question: 89
Terraform can run on Windows or Linux, but it requires a Server version of the Windows operating system.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://www.terraform.io/downloads
Question: 90
Which task does terraform init not perform?
A. Sources all providers present in the configuration and ensures they are downloaded and available locally
B. Connects to the backend
C. Sources any modules and copies the configuration locally
D. Validates all required variables are present
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference: https://www.terraform.io/docs/cli/commands/init.html
Question: 91
You have declared an input variable called environment in your parent module.
What must you do to pass the value to a child module in the configuration?
A. Add node_count = var.node_count
B. Declare the variable in a terraform.tfvars file
C. Declare a node_count input variable for child module
D. Nothing, child modules inherit variables of parent module
Answer: C
Explanation:
"That module may call other modules and connect them together by passing output values from one to input values of another." https://www.terraform.io/language/modules/develop
Question: 92
You run a local-exec provisioner in a null resource called null_resource.run_script and realize that you need to rerun the script.
Which of the following commands would you use first?
A. terraform taint null_resource.run_script
B. terraform apply -target=null_resource.run_script
C. terraform validate null_resource.run_script
D. terraform plan -target=null_resource.run_script
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://www.terraform.io/cli/commands/taint
Question: 93
What type of block is used to construct a collection of nested configuration blocks?
A. for_each
B. repeated
C. nesting
D. dynamic
Answer: D
Explanation:
https://www.terraform.io/language/expressions/dynamic-blocks
Question: 94
You have multiple team members collaborating on infrastructure as code (IaC) using Terraform, and want to apply formatting standards for readability.
How can you format Terraform HCL (HashiCorp Configuration Language) code according to standard Terraform style convention?
A. Run the terraform fmt command during the code linting phase of your CI/CD process
B. Designate one person in each team to review and format everyone’s code
C. Manually apply two spaces indentation and align equal sign "=" characters in every Terraform file (*.tf)
D. Write a shell script to transform Terraform files using tools such as AWK, Python, and sed
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://www.terraform.io/cli/commands/fmt
Question: 95
Terraform providers are always installed from the Internet.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Explanation:
Terraform configurations must declare which providers they require, so that Terraform can install and use them.
Reference: https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/providers/configuration.html
Question: 96
You have declared a variable called var.list which is a list of objects that all have an attribute id.
Which options will produce a list of the IDs? (Choose two.)
A. { for o in var.list: o => o.id }
B. var.list[*].id
C. [ var.list[*].id ]
D. [ for o in var.list: o.id ]
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
https://www.terraform.io/language/expressions/splat
A splat expression provides a more concise way to express a common operation that could otherwise be performed with a for expression.
Question: 97
You write a new Terraform configuration and immediately run terraform apply in the CLI using the local backend.
Why will the apply fail?
A. Terraform needs you to format your code according to best practices first
B. Terraform needs to install the necessary plugins first
C. The Terraform CLI needs you to log into Terraform cloud first
D. Terraform requires you to manually run terraform plan first
Answer: B
Question: 98
You have used Terraform to create an ephemeral development environment in the cloud and are now ready to destroy all the infrastructure described by your Terraform configuration. To be safe, you would like to first see all the infrastructure that will be
deleted by Terraform.
Which command should you use to show all of the resources that will be deleted? (Choose two.)
A. Run terraform plan -destroy.
B. This is not possible. You can only show resources that will be created.
C. Run terraform state rm *.
D. Run terraform destroy and it will first output all the resources that will be deleted before prompting for approval.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Reference: https://www.terraform.io/docs/cli/commands/state/rm.html
Question: 99
Which of these is the best practice to protect sensitive values in state files?
A. Blockchain
B. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
C. Enhanced remote backends
D. Signed Terraform providers
Answer: C
Explanation:
Use of remote backends and especially the availability of Terraform Cloud, there are now a variety of backends that will encrypt state at rest and will not store the state in cleartext on machines running.
Reference: https://www.terraform.io/docs/extend/best-practices/sensitive-state.html
Question: 100
How would you reference the "name" value of the second instance of this fictitious resource?
A. element(aws_instance.web, 2)
B. aws_instance.web[1].name
C. aws_instance.web[1]
D. aws_instance.web[2].name
E. aws_instance.web.*.name
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://www.terraform.io/language/meta-arguments/count#referring-to-instances
Reference: https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration-0-11/interpolation.html
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The Home Depot, Unity, BlackRock, PagerDuty, Indeed, and Wayfair join HashiConf to discuss how they drive developer productivity, reduce costs, and strengthen security for cloud
SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 11, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- HashiCorp, Inc. (NASDAQ: HCP), a leader in multi-cloud infrastructure automation software, today kicks off its annual user conference, HashiConf, in San Francisco. More than 30 HashiCorp customers are joining the speaker lineup to share stories of how they improved their operational cloud maturity using the HashiCorp suite of products.
Improved operational cloud maturity enables platform teams to deliver technology and organizational best practices at scale across infrastructure, security, networking, and applications. Organizations who will speak to various phases of cloud maturity at HashiConf include athenahealth, BlackRock, the California Department of Health Care Services, Epic Games, EQ Bank, Indeed, PagerDuty, and Wayfair.
During the HashiConf day-two keynote on Oct. 12, HashiCorp Co-Founder and CTO Armon Dadgar will be joined by senior cloud leaders from The Home Depot and Unity Games, both of which have used a cloud operating model to build mature cloud platforms that helped their organizations transform their respective industries.
“We’re excited to welcome so many innovative organizations to the HashiConf stage this year to share their stories of building cloud maturity and realizing significant value with HashiCorp products,” said Susan St. Ledger, President, Worldwide Field Operations, HashiCorp. “These speakers represent a broad cross-section of industries, technological challenges, phases of modernization, and infrastructure approaches. What they have in common is that HashiCorp products have helped them achieve greater cloud maturity to automate, standardize, and Excellerate their cloud programs, with an emphasis on more sophisticated infrastructure and security lifecycle management.”
Organizations speaking at HashiConf use products from across HashiCorp’s portfolio, with user stories focused on how HashiCorp Terraform, Vault, Consul, Nomad, and Boundary solve challenges related to efficiently managing infrastructure and ensuring security.
Infrastructure lifecycle management: Enterprises Excellerate cloud maturity by automating their entire infrastructure lifecycle with HashiCorp Terraform, in combination with other HashiCorp products.
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Wayfair: Built a next-generation solution based on Terraform Enterprise and Google Cloud's folder structure to mature its cloud estate, empowering teams to decouple and own their infrastructure safely, with limited oversight.
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BlackRock: Chose Terraform Enterprise and Vault Enterprise to build out the infrastructure required to support application identity and secrets management for 200 separate client environments in a SaaS platform.
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Amach: Improved the cloud management of a leading European airline client with HashiCorp products, starting with the airline's primary cloud provider and moving to all cloud usage, impacting the overall digital maturity and transformation efforts in the airline.
Security lifecycle management: HashiCorp Vault, Boundary, and Consul together allow organizations to mature their cloud security program by providing enterprises with safe, secure, and efficient management of secrets and identity access across the entire security lifecycle. HashiCorp was also recently named in the 2023 Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ for Privileged Access Management (PAM) for the first time.
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athenahealth: Managed secrets using a more reliable process with Vault, and have scaled to serve hundreds of millions of requests per day.
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Innovation Labs at Verizon: Used Boundary to ensure a secure, zero trust method of allowing access to multi-access edge computing (MEC) resources, solving for critical pain points such as access key control, managing bastion hosts, and controlling user access.
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SPH Media: Selected HashiCorp Cloud Platform (HCP) Vault and HCP Consul to transform how services are connected and secured, while enriching its developer team's capabilities.
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EQ Bank: Chose Boundary and Vault as its privileged access management platform to enable access for privileged users while also dealing with the rise in non-human (machine) identities and secrets.
“We were looking for a modern PAM solution to solve our challenges in delivering secure access in a dynamic, hybrid cloud environment,” said Tarun Khandelwal, Information Security Program Executive, EQ Bank. “Boundary and Vault made it easy, moving from static to just-in-time credentials and automated team onboarding, while maintaining uptime and availability.”
About HashiConf
HashiConf is HashiCorp’s global user conference, taking place Oct. 10-12, 2023 in San Francisco and virtually. HashiConf expects 1,500 attendees in person and 10,000 attendees virtually. The conference has tracks dedicated to practitioner and technical leader audiences, with sessions from the HashiCorp research and development team focused on product deep dives and roadmap sessions, as well as more than 30 customer speakers. To learn more about these HashiCorp customers and their speaking sessions at HashiConf, please visit: https://hashiconf.com/2023/speakers/
In-person attendees are able to visit the HashiCorp Learn Labs for hand-on modules on new product capabilities, become a HashiCorp Certified cloud engineer for Terraform, Vault, or Consul, and visit the HashiCorp Zone to speak with technical experts as well as HashiConf sponsors.
HashiConf is sponsored by AWS, Microsoft Azure, Abbey, Akamai, Arctiq, Atyeti, CDW, Coder, Datadog, DNSimple, Effectual, FluxNinja, Google Cloud, Intel, MongoDB, ngrok, Palo Alto Networks, Rafay, River Point Technology, Securosys, Snyk, Tenable, Venafi, and Zscaler.
To register for a free virtual pass to HashiConf — with access to a dedicated platform to view the live streamed keynotes, educational content, and live chat with online attendees, as well as access to all virtual sessions on demand after the event — please visit: https://hashiconf.com/2023/
About HashiCorp
HashiCorp is a leader in multi-cloud infrastructure automation software. The HashiCorp software suite enables organizations to adopt consistent workflows and create a system of record for automating the cloud: infrastructure provisioning, security, networking, and application deployment. HashiCorp’s portfolio of products includes Vagrant™, Packer™, Terraform®, Vault™, Consul®, Nomad™, Boundary™, and Waypoint™. HashiCorp offers free community source-available products, enterprise products, and managed cloud services. The company is headquartered in San Francisco, though most HashiCorp employees work remotely, strategically distributed around the globe. For more information visit hashicorp.com.
All product and company names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Investor contact
Alex Kurtz
Vice President, Investor Relations
ir@hashicorp.com
Media and analyst contact
Kate Lehman
Director, Corporate Communications
media@hashicorp.com
Despite the fact that it's funded with after-tax dollars, a Roth 401(k) account is not immune to taxes and potential penalties if you don't know how rules surrounding withdrawals. Understanding the requirements will keep you from losing part of your retirement savings or scrambling to pay an unforeseen tax penalty. These taxes and penalties are one more reason to avoid making withdrawals for any reason but a serious emergency. Here's what you need to know to keep your retirement funds safe.
Key Takeaways
- Understanding the rules about Roth 401(k) accounts can keep you from losing part of your retirement savings.
- Contributions and earnings in a Roth 401(k) can be withdrawn without paying taxes and penalties if you are at least 59½ and had your account for at least five years.
- Withdrawals can be made without penalty if you become disabled or by a beneficiary after your death.
- Rollovers allow you to avoid taxes on Roth 401(k) earnings.
- You can avoid taxes and penalties by taking a loan from your Roth 401(k) as long as you follow the repayment rules.
Roth 401(k)s: The Basics
A Roth 401(k) includes a combination of the features of a traditional 401(k) and a Roth IRA. Though not all companies with employer-sponsored retirement plans offer a Roth 401(k), they are increasingly popular.
Unlike a traditional 401(k), contributions are made with after-tax dollars and are not deductible. However, you don't pay taxes on withdrawals when you retire. For 2023, you can contribute up to $22,500 per year ($23,000 in 2024), or $30,000 if you are age 50 or older ($30,500 in 2024).
Roth 401(k) Withdrawal Rules
To make a qualified withdrawal from a Roth 401(k) account, retirement savers must have been contributing to the account for at least the previous five years and be at least 59½ years old. Withdrawals can be made if the account holder becomes disabled or passes away; in this case, the funds would go to the beneficiaries of the account.
The terms of Roth 401(k) accounts also stipulate that required minimum distributions (RMDs) must begin by age 73, or age 70½ if you reached that age by Jan. 1, 2020. However, under the SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022, RMDs are eliminated for Roth plans starting in 2024, but you must still take RMDs for earlier years if you were required to do so.
Unlike Roth 401(k)s, Roth IRAs were never subject to RMDs. Because contributions to a Roth plan are made with after-tax dollars, you do not need to pay income tax on qualified distributions, though you still have to report them to the IRS on Form 1099-R when filing your taxes.
Unqualified Withdrawals
If a withdrawal is made from a Roth 401(k) account that does not meet the above criteria (if you're at least 59½ and the account is at least five years old), it is considered early or unqualified. Unqualified withdrawals are subject to income taxes and a 10% IRS tax penalty on some but not necessarily all of the amount you take out.
You can withdraw a sum equivalent to the contributions from a Roth 401(k) without paying a penalty or taxes because Roth contributions are made with after-tax dollars. Any distributed earnings, though, are liable for taxes and penalties.
There is one catch, though. Early withdrawals have to be prorated between (nontaxable) contributions and (taxable) earnings. To calculate the portion of the withdrawal attributable to earnings, simply multiply the withdrawal amount by the ratio of total account earnings to account balance.
For example, if your account balance is made up of $9,000 in contributions and $1,000 in earnings, then your earnings ratio is 10% ($1,000 Ă· $10,000). In this case, a $4,000 withdrawal would include $400 in taxable earnings. This $400 would need to be included in the gross annual income reported to the IRS on your taxes. There would also be a 10% tax penalty on the $400. There are no taxes or fees assessed to the other $3,600.
You can't often withdraw retirement savings and not pay taxes. However, on March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the $2 trillion Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. It allowed withdrawals of up to $100,000 from traditional or Roth 401(k) for 2020 only without the 10% penalty for those under age 59½.
Penalties for those under age 59½ who withdraw money from traditional or Roth IRAs or 401(k)s went back into effect starting Jan. 1, 2021.
Rolling Over Funds in a Roth 401(k)
You can avoid taxation on your earnings if your withdrawal is for a rollover. If the funds are simply moving into another retirement plan or a spouse's plan via direct rollover, no additional taxes are incurred.
If the rollover is not direct (the funds are distributed to the account holder rather than from one institution to another), the funds must be deposited in another Roth 401(k) or Roth IRA account within 60 days to avoid taxation.
When you do an indirect rollover, the portion of the distribution attributable to contributions cannot be transferred to another Roth 401(k) but it can be transferred into a Roth IRA. The earnings portion of the distribution can be deposited into either type of account.
Borrowing From a Roth 401(k)
Although there's no tax-free way to withdraw tax-free money from your Roth 401(k) before age 59½, taking a loan from your account is a way to use the funds for current needs without diminishing your retirement savings. Many 401(k) plans, Roth or traditional, allow for the account holder to take out a loan of $10,000 (or 50% of the account balance, whichever is greater), but loans cannot exceed $50,000.
Loans must be repaid within five years in generally equal payments made at least quarterly. The benefit is that you are borrowing money from yourself, and all payments and interest charged go directly back into your retirement account. However, failure to repay the loan as stipulated, however, may result in it being considered a taxable distribution. You are also often not permitted to make additional 401(k) contributions until the loan has been paid off.
When Can I Withdraw Roth 401(k) Funds?
In general, you can begin withdrawing Roth 401(k) earnings when you are 59½ years old. There is greater leniency on withdrawal rules for Roth 401(k) contributions.
What Is the Penalty for Early Roth 401(k) Withdrawal?
If you withdraw funds from a Roth 401(k) early, you must pay taxes on the non-contribution portion of your withdrawal. In addition, the IRS assesses a 10% penalty on the non-contribution portion. There are no taxes or penalties for the contribution portion.
Do I Pay Taxes on Roth 401(k) Withdrawals?
If you withdraw earnings too early, you are subject to taxes on the earnings portion of your early withdrawal. There are no tax implications if you withdraw earnings when you are eligible to withdraw them.
How Much Can I Contribute to My Roth 401(k)?
Younger investors can contribute up to $22,500 to their Roth 401(k) in 2023 and $23,000 in 2024. Investors that are 50 or older can contribute up to $30,000 in 2023 and $30,500 in 2024.
The Bottom Line
When household bills start piling up or unexpected expenses crop up, reaching into your retirement savings may seem appealing in the short term. Retirement accounts like Roth and traditional IRAs and 401(k) plans are not designed for easy access, and there are consequences to using money in those accounts before you're eligible to do so.
If you raid your retirement funds without knowing the rules, you risk losing part of your savings to penalties and tax payments. A Roth 401(k) account is not immune to these problems, despite the fact that it's funded with after-tax dollars.
Advisor Insight
Presidio Wealth Partners, LLC, Houston, TX
Assuming that you no longer work for your company, your account statements should indicate whether you have the five years completed, but if not, you can find out from the plan administrator. The first year the Roth 401(k) became available was 2006, and if your first contribution was before 2018, your plan is now fully qualified tax-free upon distribution.
If you are still employed and eligible for withdrawal, it’s best to roll it over to a Roth IRA. If your trades generate gains in the taxable account, you will owe annual taxes on the gains, but if you trade in a Roth IRA, all gains are tax-deferred until you have had a Roth IRA for five years. Even if you do not have a Roth IRA right now, the rollover of a qualified Roth 401(k) will be treated as regular Roth IRA contributions.
Google is searching for ways to reassure people that it is still out in front in the race for the best artificial intelligence technology.
And so far, the internet giant seems to be coming up with the wrong answer.
An advert designed to show off its new AI bot, showed it answering a query incorrectly.
Shares in parent company Alphabet sank more than 7% on Wednesday, knocking $100bn (ÂŁ82bn) off the firm's market value.
In the promotion for the bot, known as Bard, which was released on Twitter on Monday, the bot was asked about what to tell a nine-year-old about discoveries from the James Webb Space Telescope.
It offered the response that the telescope was the first to take pictures of a planet outside the earth's solar system, when in fact that milestone was claimed by the European Very Large Telescope in 2004 - a mistake quickly noted by astronomers on Twitter.
"Why didn't you factcheck this example before sharing it?" Chris Harrison, a fellow at Newcastle University, replied to the tweet.
Investors were also underwhelmed by a presentation the company gave about its plans to deploy artificial intelligence in its products.
Google has been under pressure since late last year, when Microsoft-backed OpenAI unveiled new ChatGPT software. It quickly became a viral hit for its facility in passing business school exams, composing song lyrics and answering other questions.
Microsoft this week said a new version of its Bing search engine, which has lagged Google for years, would use the ChatGPT technology in an even more advanced form.
Though investors have embraced the push for artificial intelligence, sceptics have warned rushing out the technology raises risks of errors or otherwise skewed results, as well as issues of plagiarism.
A Google spokesperson said the error highlighted "the importance of a rigorous testing process, something that we're kicking off this week with our Trusted Tester programme".
"We'll combine external feedback with our own internal testing to make sure Bard's responses meet a high bar for quality, safety and roundedness in real-world information," they said.
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