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Exam Code: PGCES-02 Practice test 2023 by Killexams.com team PGCES-02 PostgreSQL CE 8 Silver PostgreSQL CE is a certification test for PostgreSQL engineers who are involved in system development, administration, maintenance, etc.
The first English version of PostgreSQL was released on March, 2005, and was based on PostgreSQL 7.4. The newest test to be released this time will be based on PostgreSQL 8.0, which includes PITR, Tablespace and so on.
The test can be taken at the Peason VUE testing center nearest to you. Please visit Pearson VUE web site for details.
PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object-relational database system that uses and extends the SQL language combined with many features that safely store and scale the most complicated data workloads. The origins of PostgreSQL date back to 1986 as part of the POSTGRES project at the University of California at Berkeley and has more than 30 years of active development on the core platform.
PostgreSQL has earned a strong reputation for its proven architecture, reliability, data integrity, robust feature set, extensibility, and the dedication of the open source community behind the software to consistently deliver performant and innovative solutions. PostgreSQL runs on all major operating systems, has been ACID-compliant since 2001, and has powerful add-ons such as the popular PostGIS geospatial database extender. It is no surprise that PostgreSQL has become the open source relational database of choice for many people and organisations.
PostgreSQL comes with many features aimed to help developers build applications, administrators to protect data integrity and build fault-tolerant environments, and help you manage your data no matter how big or small the dataset. In addition to being free and open source, PostgreSQL is highly extensible. For example, you can define your own data types, build out custom functions, even write code from different programming languages without recompiling your database!
PostgreSQL tries to conform with the SQL standard where such conformance does not contradict traditional features or could lead to poor architectural decisions. Many of the features required by the SQL standard are supported, though sometimes with slightly differing syntax or function. Further moves towards conformance can be expected over time. As of the version 12 release in October 2019, PostgreSQL conforms to at least 160 of the 179 mandatory features for SQL:2016 Core conformance. As of this writing, no relational database meets full conformance with this standard.
Below is an inexhaustive list of various features found in PostgreSQL, with more being added in every major release:
Data Types
Primitives: Integer, Numeric, String, Boolean
Structured: Date/Time, Array, Range, UUID
Document: JSON/JSONB, XML, Key-value (Hstore)
Geometry: Point, Line, Circle, Polygon
Customizations: Composite, Custom Types
Data Integrity
UNIQUE, NOT NULL
Primary Keys
Foreign Keys
Exclusion Constraints
Explicit Locks, Advisory Locks
Concurrency, Performance
Indexing: B-tree, Multicolumn, Expressions, Partial
Advanced Indexing: GiST, SP-Gist, KNN Gist, GIN, BRIN, Covering indexes, Bloom filters
Sophisticated query planner / optimizer, index-only scans, multicolumn statistics
Transactions, Nested Transactions (via savepoints)
Multi-Version concurrency Control (MVCC)
Parallelization of read queries and building B-tree indexes
Table partitioning
All transaction isolation levels defined in the SQL standard, including Serializable
Just-in-time (JIT) compilation of expressions
Reliability, Disaster Recovery
Write-ahead Logging (WAL)
Replication: Asynchronous, Synchronous, Logical
Point-in-time-recovery (PITR), active standbys
Tablespaces
Security
Authentication: GSSAPI, SSPI, LDAP, SCRAM-SHA-256, Certificate, and more
Robust access-control system
Column and row-level security
Multi-factor authentication with certificates and an additional method
Extensibility
Stored functions and procedures
Procedural Languages: PL/PGSQL, Perl, Python (and many more)
SQL/JSON path expressions
Foreign data wrappers: connect to other databases or streams with a standard SQL interface
Customizable storage interface for tables
Many extensions that provide additional functionality, including PostGIS
Internationalisation, Text Search
Support for international character sets, e.g. through ICU collations
Case-insensitive and accent-insensitive collations
Full-text search
Backend
Data Types, Functions, & Operators
Indexing & Constraints
SQL
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Performance
Partitioning & Inheritance
Views & Materialized Views
Backup, Restore, Data Integrity, & Replication
Data Import & Export
Configuration Management
Security
Foreign Data Wrappers
Custom Functions, Stored Procedures, & Triggers
Procedural Languages
Extensions
Internationalisation
Additional Modules (contrib)
Network
Platforms PostgreSQL CE 8 Silver PostgreSQL-CE PostgreSQL pdf Killexams : PostgreSQL-CE PostgreSQL pdf - BingNews
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https://killexams.com/exam_list/PostgreSQL-CEKillexams : EnterpriseDB adds Transparent Data Encryption to PostgreSQL
Relational database provider EnterpriseDB on Tuesday said that it was adding Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) to its databases, which are based on open-source PostgreSQL.
TDE, which is used by Oracle and Microsoft, is a method of encrypting database files in order to ensure security of data while at rest and in motion. It helps ensure that data on the hard drive as well as files on backup are encrypted, the company said in a blog post, adding that most enterprises use TDE for compliance issues.
Up until now, Postgres didn’t have built-in TDE, and enterprises would have to rely on either full-disk encryption or stackable cryptographic file system encryption, the company said.
What are the benefits of EnterpriseDB’s TDE?
Benefits of EnterpriseDB’s TDE include block-level encryption, database-managed data encryption, and external key management.
In order to prevent unauthorized access, the TDE capability ensures that Postgres data, write-ahead logging (WAL), and temporary files are encrypted on the disk and are not readable by the system, the company said.
Write-ahead logging is a process inside a database management system that first logs the changes made to the data inside a database before actually making these changes.
TDE allows external key management via third-party cloud servers, the company said, adding that EnterpriseDB currently supports Amazon AWS Key Management Service, Microsoft Azure Key Vault, and Thales CipherTrust Manager.
External key management, according to experts, can be better at restricting unauthorized access of data as these keys are never stored inside the third-party cloud server.
The TDE capability will be available via EnterpriseDB enterprise database plans, the company said.
TDE to propel PostgreSQL?
The new TDE feature, according to analysts, not only gives EnterpriseDB a boost in the entperise, but could also propel usage of PostgreSQL.
“This is one of those checkbox features that any database aspiring to be an enterprise solution must have,” said Tony Baer, principal analyst at dbInsight.
The new feature could also make EDB (the database offering of EnterpriseDB) a challenger to Oracle’s databases, Baer added.
In addition, EnterpriseDB’s TDE could emerge as a winner for PostgreSQL, as enterprises often get entangled in the complexity of managing encryption programs and keys, said Carl Olofson, research vice president at market research firm IDC.
“Research reports from IDC showed that security is one of the top priorities for databases implementors, both on-prem and in the cloud,” Olofson added.
Tue, 14 Feb 2023 11:20:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.infoworld.com/article/3687813/enterprisedb-adds-transparent-data-encryption-to-postgresql.htmlKillexams : Best PDF editors in 2023
The best PDF editors enable you to get even more done with PDF files but the real question is which PDF editor is best suited to your needs and workflow.
Despite their finalized appearance, Portable Document Format files can be changed in the same way you alter a text document – you just need the right software. The best PDF editors let you open up almost any PDF file so that you can edit, alter, annotate, sign or convert it to other popular file formats including Microsoft Word.
The PDF format was first developed by Adobe co-founder Dr. John Warnock back in the early 90s. He designed it in such a way that it could digitally capture the high-quality design and layouts of printed pages in magazines and newspapers.
If you regularly work with PDF files as part of your job or in your free time then one of the best PDF editors will make things even easier for you. We’ve tested more than a half-dozen different options and these are the best ones for altering text, changing images and annotating PDF files.
The best PDF editors you can buy today
Why you can trust Tom's Guide Our expert reviewers spend hours testing and comparing products and services so you can choose the best for you. Find out more about how we test.
(Image credit: Adobe)
1. Acrobat Pro DC
Best PDF editor for Windows
Specifications
Cost:$240/year
Developer:Adobe
Compatibility:macOS, Windows
Category:PDF editor
Reasons to buy
+
Full-featured PDF editing and annotation tool
+
Excellent OCR
You'd expect Adobe Acrobat Pro DC to be great because it comes from Adobe, the birthplace of the portable document format. To some extent, this full-service PDF-editing application meets that expectation.
Acrobat Pro DC offers a complete set of PDF-editing tools, and it even lets you edit scanned documents. Acrobat DC's OCR engine can convert scanned documents to text, which you can then search through and change.
But Acrobat doesn't offer to convert an entire document the moment you open it. Instead, the app waits for you to begin using the Pro DC's edit tools, recognizing and converting the pages as you select them for editing. Changing text in an OCR'd document was simple and the results look great.
It's also easy to edit images and text in documents you haven't scanned. I was able to make changes to everything with zero issues.
What I don't like about Acrobat Pro DC is the interface. It feels like a half-realized demo of what the app could be. Editing tools surround your document, and the UI feels disorganized, offering few options for customization.
Since it's designed to work on both Macs and PCs, Acrobat Pro DC looks like it belongs in neither environment. This doesn't make this program bad at what it's supposed to do; it just makes you feel like you're working outside your chosen OS.
Our pick for the best free PDF editor is PDF Candy, because it offers something many free options do not — an OCR feature for scanning text. You can't edit OCR'd text in this web-based PDF editor, but you are able to upload PDF files and extract text and create a text document, RTF file, or Word document in both .doc and .docx formats.
You can choose from 44 tools to create or convert PDF files. It's also easy to rearrange pages within a document, add watermarks, protect PDF files with passcodes, edit metadata within a PDF file, split or add pages to documents, and extract images. real text editing is pretty limited, the trade-off you make to enjoy a fairly feature-rich free PDF editor.
Once you've made your edits in PDF Candy, you can obtain the edited document or upload a new document to work on. PDF Candy keeps all of your documents in a queue so you can obtain them all at once after you've finished making changes to them.
Web-based annotation tools are easy to understand and use
Reasons to avoid
-
Extremely limited font options when you add text
-
Desktop version requires a subscription
PDFescape is a basic, web-based PDF-editing and -annotation program you can use for free to work on PDF documents that are smaller than either 10MB or 100 pages, whichever is greater. (PDFescape used to limit you to 50 pages, so the higher limit is a welcome change.) If you need to edit larger files, you can upgrade to a premium account for $36 a year. There's also an "ultimate" plan for $72 per year.
Accessible through any modern web browser, PDFescape offers no OCR capabilities like PDF Candy does. But PDFescape's annotation tools are easy to use. You'll find a pretty solid set of standard annotation tools that can easily add, highlight and strike through text; insert notes; and otherwise mark up the pages of your PDF file. Using the web app's insert tools, you can also add new images and text to a document, white-out text, and add web links and form fields.
PDFescape does have some major limitations in adding new text. Because there are no OCR capabilities, you can't make changes to existing text; you're limited to adding new text to an existing document. Additionally, the app has very limited font options, as it doesn't use any of your computer's fonts. So you're limited to Arial, Courier New, Times New Roman, Verdana and a Signature font for signing documents.
(Image credit: Apple)
4. Apple Preview
Built-in PDF annotation for macOS
Specifications
Cost:Free with macOS
Developer:Apple
Compatibility:macOS
Category:PDF annotation
Reasons to buy
+
Excellent annotation tools
+
Easy-to-use signature capture
+
Markup features are often available in other apps
Reasons to avoid
-
Locating annotation tools not obvious
Apple's Preview app is built-in to macOS and offers a minimalist but valuable set of tools for marking up any PDF file. You won't find full-on PDF editing here. But if you need a basic set of tools for highlighting or redacting text, making notes, or adding comments to a document, you won't likely need much more than what's already available on your Mac.
Preview's markup tools are hidden when you first open a PDF document. To see them, you'll have to look for the small pencil icon that appears near the Spotlight search bar at the top of your PDF document's toolbar. Clicking this reveals a small set of tools you can use to select text and add objects, text or notes to your document.
The app's standout feature is a signature tool you can use to store a signature you create using your trackpad or scan using your Mac's camera. You can then easily add that signature to a document by clicking Preview's Signature tool. Simple and easy to use once you set it up, Preview's signing feature will prove its usefulness every time a digital document requires your John Hancock.
You can access all of Preview's editing tools without opening Preview, as long as you're running macOS 10.14 Mojave or later. Just use QuickLook to view a PDF, then click on the Markup button in that mode.
(Image credit: Readdle)
5. PDF Expert
PDF editor with the cleanest interface
Specifications
Cost:$80 one-time license purchase
Developer:Readdle
Compatibility:macOS
Category:PDF editor
Reasons to buy
+
Clean, easy-to-use interface
+
AI-powered Enhance feature
+
Editing tools appear when you need them and hide when you don't
Reasons to avoid
-
Difficulties with larger files
-
Mac-only
Readdle's macOS-only PDF Expert is a popular PDF-editing tool that allows you to make changes to text in existing PDF documents by removing and replacing images, updating text, and adding text of your own. PDF Expert lacks OCR capabilities, so if you want to edit text in scanned documents, you'll need to look beyond this program.
Of all the apps I tested, PDF Expert has the cleanest interface and therefore was the most pleasant to use. Two tabs appear at the top of the screen: Annotate and Edit. Clicking one of them gives you an appropriate selection of tools to perform either annotation or editing tasks.
PDF Expert's editing tools are flawless. Click text in your PDF, and tools for editing text will slide out so you can make changes. Select an image, and tools for changing the image appear. You can move selected text anywhere on the page you want or remove it altogether.
PDF Expert struggles with large documents; otherwise, this would have been my top pick for Mac. However, every time I attempted to open my nearly 450-page test file, PDF Expert hung. Until this program behaves more dependably, look elsewhere if you tend to work with larger documents. There's also a Windows version in development and you can sign up to get notified when it's ready.
Wondershare's PDFelement Pro is a full-featured PDF editor with an OCR engine for recognizing scanned text and a standard set of tools. With those, you can fill in forms, annotate documents, create and add signatures, and edit images within a document.
PDFelement had no problem opening anything I threw at it, including scanned documents, large files and image-heavy PDFs. Once documents are open, PDFelement Pro offers a fairly simple interface, with a set of tools on the left side of your document that are easy to figure out. Just select a tool, and you can go to work making changes to a file.
Editing images, adding signatures and using annotations in the application all worked as planned, but I did experience some odd behaviors when I was editing or adding text using PDFelement Pro. In particular, when I was editing existing text in a document, the application wanted to make the text bold and would not allow me to change the content back to regular text. Also, when I added new text boxes, my own text did not display normally; the program always added a space after I typed an apostrophe. And the program constantly played my Mac's system beep as I typed. That's both annoying and not optimal.
(Image credit: Sejda)
7. Sejda PDF Desktop Pro
Too many limitations
Specifications
Cost:$63/year
Developer:Sejda
Compatibility:macOS, Windows
Category:PDF annotation
Reasons to buy
+
Can edit text, though on a limited basis
+
Can add images and annotate your documents
+
Paid weekly pass available
Reasons to avoid
-
Very limited features
-
Paragraphs are treated as individual lines of text
-
Cannot remove or edit existing images
Sejda is a web-based PDF-editing application that works on any OS that has a modern web browser. A desktop version converts that web interface into something that runs on your computer.
You can use a free version of Sejda, but it limits the number of daily tasks you can perform and the size of the documents you can access.
To get the most out of the program, you can buy an annual license for both the web and desktop versions for $63. You can also buy a weekly pass for both versions for $8 if you've got a one-time project that requires Sejda.
Sejda has no OCR engine, so you can't use this app to edit PDF files created from scanned documents. You can edit only PDF files that already have selectable text.
To edit your PDF file, you upload it to the Sejda website and then use the toolbar at the top of the page to choose your tools. You'll find tools for editing text, adding links, adding form fields and images, and signing or annotating your document. All of Sejda's tools are rudimentary at best.
The app breaks every line of text in your document into a single text entry, so you can't edit entire paragraphs of text. When you do edit existing text, remnants of the previous text often get left behind in the document. Sejda will let you add new images to a document, but you can't use the app to edit or remove existing images.
Sejda isn't a great app, but it works in a pinch when you need to make a quick change to an existing PDF document and you have no other tools at hand.
How to choose the best PDF editor for you
The first question you should ask yourself when choosing a PDF editor is what you plan to do with it. If it’s just to mark up documents and add digital signatures, PDF annotation software will better suit your needs.
As there are many well-featured PDF annotation programs that are available for free, you can save yourself some money. For instance, as we mentioned, Mac users can save even more time since the Preview app that ships with Apple’s computers includes markup and signature tools.
However, if you’re in the market for a full-fledged PDF editor that lets you manipulate text and create documents, consider what kinds of features you’ll need for PDF editing. Applications with good OCR capabilities will likely cost more but if you don’t need OCR, you may be able to make do with a free PDF editor.
While PDF editors are great for making changes or notes to documents, they’re not necessary if you simply want to view and read a PDF. For that, check out our list of the best PDF readers you can download.
How we test PDF editors
We looked at both PDF editors and applications used for making annotations in PDFs. Every PDF editor can also annotate documents but dedicated PDF-annotation tools aren’t actually designed to make changes to any of the original content in a PDF document.
While testing each of these applications, we used a few different types of documents including large, text-heavy files, documents with a mix of formatted images and text and simple documents with text and images inserted into the document in a linear fashion. We tested features like text recognition (when supported) and we tried making changes to text, replacing and adding images and adding annotations.
Fri, 17 Feb 2023 02:49:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.tomsguide.com/best-picks/best-pdf-editorsKillexams : Best free PDF readers (February 2023)
The best free PDF readers are perfect for viewing documents, collaborating online, and making changes to your PDF files without any subscription charges or one-off fees.
Using your browser is the easiest way to read a PDF online, but options are usually limited. To do more with your documents, both online and offline, it’s worth investing time in the best PDF editors, free PDF editors, or dedicated PDF reader software.
PDF readers are the ideal solution for casual users looking for easy-to-use apps and platforms. Better still, the very best free PDF readers come equipped with plenty of tools for power-users. So, look out for features like free PDF to Word converters that put you in control of your documents.
With plenty of options out there, it can be a challenge identifying which free PDF reader is best for you. To help you find the right tool for your work, we’ve tested out a range of options, exploring everything from performance with large files to cross-platform compatibility and integrated cloud storage.
Today's best PDF editor deals
The best free PDF readers of February 2023
(Image credit: Adobe)
Best free PDF reader overall
Specifications
Operating system:Windows, macOS
Reasons to buy
+
Multi-platform support
+
Handles large PDFs with ease
+
Tab view for multiple documents
Reasons to avoid
-
Relatively large
-
Regular 'upgrade to Pro' ads
-
Some tools paywalled
Adobe Acrobat Reader DC is a free PDF reader software for Windows and Mac (with Android and iOS PDF reader apps available, too). And it's our top choice for best free PDF reader overall - although we found features one massive downside.
The top PDF viewer is designed with two purposes in mind: the first is to enable you to read and interact with PDF files (including adding annotations and even signing a document).
The second is to convince you to upgrade to the paid version of the software (which, you’ve guessed it, has many more features, including the ability to create and edit PDF files).
If it wasn’t for the latter, Acrobat Reader would be a decent addition to your software library. It’s simple, easy to use, and comes with all the basic features you need to interact with PDF files. In our review, we reckoned that “Adobe Acrobat Reader DC is one of the best free PDF readers for anyone looking to view documents and manipulate them in some way.”
Sadly, the adware side of things is pretty much everywhere: you get ‘try now’ buttons, you’re offered to use powerful tools but later are asked to pony up some cash in order to actually use them, there’s even a ‘7-day trial’ button. If you can overlook this, it’s a great tool, but there are less obtrusive ones out there.
Foxit PDF Reader is more than just a free PDF reader – you can also create PDFs from scratch using this software. Integration with Microsoft Office allows you to easily turn documents you’re working on into PDFs. Or, you can scan a document or image and turn it into a PDF using Foxit Reader. The only thing that’s lacking in the free version is support for optical character recognition in scanned documents.
The software can be a little intimidating at first, but it’s relatively straightforward to navigate. That’s thanks to the fact that it uses the same ribbon-style menu as Microsoft Office. Tools for editing, signing, highlighting, and commenting are fairly easy to access. You can also merge or split PDFs by downloading free add-ons for the software.
Another advantage to Foxit PDF Reader is that it offers security. There’s a Safe reading mode that allows you to automatically disable Javascript embedded in downloaded PDFs.
Note that with the software's latest update, Foxit seems to have removed its PDF virtual printer driver, meaning you can no longer use the software to create PDFs.
A PDF reader that's super fast and super lightweight
Specifications
Operating system:Windows, macOS, Linux
Reasons to buy
+
Small obtain size
+
Loads extremely quickly
+
Can convert file types
Slim PDF is the best free PDF reader if you’re looking for something incredibly lightweight. The software obtain is really small, so is the perfect choice if you’re limited by hard drive space. Plus, that means that it’s able to open and load your documents faster than most of its competitors.
The downside to this small size is that Slim PDF is pretty basic. You can search and rotate documents, but that’s about it. There are no tools for signing, filling, commenting, or highlighting, let alone multiple reading modes. While there is a menu option to convert a PDF to a Word document, doing this requires another software download.
As a result, Slim PDF is truly just a PDF reader. It does a good job at this, though, leaving out the toolbars that can distract you from what you’re reading. If you frequently need to print PDFs, Slim PDF is one of the fastest and most simple options available.
A feature-packed free PDF reader, full of handy tools
Specifications
Operating system:Windows, macOS
Reasons to buy
+
Touchscreen mode
+
Plenty of annotation tools
+
Simple ribbon-style menu
Reasons to avoid
-
No document signing or filling
The Nitro PDF Reader is another powerful free PDF reader in the vein of Foxit Reader and Adobe Acrobat DC. What makes this tool different is that it has a touchscreen mode that’s perfect if you’re working on a tablet. Touchscreen mode is especially nice for reading e-books, since you can flick the pages rather than scroll or click on a button.
While you can’t fill and sign PDFs with Nitro Reader, the software does a nice job of enabling collaboration. You can annotate documents with underlining and strikethroughs in addition to highlighting. Comments are also supported, and they appear like sticky notes that are easy to spot as you read through a document. Helpfully, the software also allows you to convert between PDF and other document formats.
The software has a ribbon-style menu that will be familiar to Microsoft Office users. The menu is pretty easy to navigate since there aren’t all that many options available in Nitro Reader.
Perfect if you need a free PDF reader with built-in OCR
Specifications
Operating system:Windows
Reasons to buy
+
Optical character recognition
+
Text editing
+
Splits and extracts pages
Reasons to avoid
-
Watermarks documents
-
PC-only
Rather than just being a free PDF reader, PDF-XChange Editor is also a free PDF editing program for Windows. The interface is a little more complex than some others but gives you easy access to plenty of helpful features.
For most users, the main reason to use PDF-XChange Editor is the fact that it comes with inbuilt Optical Character Recognition (OCR). This means that if your original PDF document is a photocopy, PDF-XChange will still recognize the text and allow you to edit it. Also, PDF-XChange Editor lets you reformat text, and even convert it into fonts that aren’t already loaded on your computer.
You can use this platform to merge or split individual PDF files. The only serious downside of this powerful editor is that, if you haven’t signed up to the Pro version, a small 'Created with PDF-XChange Editor' watermark will be added at the bottom of any PDF files that you export.
Why you can trust TechRadar Our expert reviewers spend hours testing and comparing products and services so you can choose the best for you. Find out more about how we test.
When deciding which PDF reader is best to obtain and use, first consider which parts of your PDF file you need to change. If you’re just trying to add information to a form digitally, you’ll only need a basic editor that supports text insertion.
However, if you need to change the content of a PDF substantially, you’ll require a more powerful PDF software program that can make modifications to text or images already stored in the file. In some cases, especially if you want to change almost all the content of your file, it may be better to use a fully functioning PDF Editor or even a PDF to Word converter instead.
What is a PDF reader?
A PDF reader is a program used to open, view, and print PDF (Portable Document Format) files. First introduced in the 1990s, PDF files are an excellent way to distribute documents containing text, images, and various other media types.
Many modern browsers can read PDF files, but the best free PDF readers still have their place. These dedicated programs deliver users more ways to interact with the file and offer greater control over how the document appears on the screen.
PDF files were designed to appear and function the same on any piece of hardware, so you'll find PDF readers for Android and other mobile devices too.
Do I need a PDF editor or a PDF reader?
Deciding between a PDF editor and a PDF reader comes down to how you'll use the software. PDF readers are primarily designed to view documents - although many include online collaboration tools like commenting, highlighting, and annotating content. Altering a PDF file is often limited to small edits and manipulation. A PDF editor lets you design and create documents from scratch and make large changes. They almost always include powerful tools for power-users, like built-in OCR software and digital signature tools.
The best free PDF readers feature plenty of tools for viewing and sharing PDF files - however, they're often slightly more limited compared to paid-for counterparts. In many cases, they offer a taste of how the software works, with upgrades and subscriptions that add more tools. If you're only reading PDFs on your computer or mobile device, a browser will likely meet your needs. If you're frequently in and out of documents, making minor edits, and sharing files, a full PDF reader will likely suit you best.
How we test the best free PDF readers
We test the best free PDF readers against the factors that users care about - from the interface and experience to performance and platform availability.
We also assess each tool against its use-case. Some want a lightweight reader, others need one packed with plenty of other PDF utilities for professional use - so we look at how well the free PDF readers deliver for their intended audience.
We also ensure that free means free - no hidden charges. Any subscriptions, lifetime licenses, and upgrade fees must be clearly signposted.
As part of our overall testing process, we've also reviewed and rated free and premium platform-specific PDF readers.
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Wed, 15 Feb 2023 04:12:00 -0600Michael Grawentext/htmlhttps://www.techradar.com/news/the-best-free-pdf-readerKillexams : EnterpriseDB Unveils Transparent Data Encryption for Postgres Security and Compliance
BEDFORD, Mass., Feb. 14, 2023 — EnterpriseDB (EDB), a leader in accelerating Postgres in the enterprise, today announced the immediate global availability of Transparent Data Encryption (TDE), which extends Postgres with robust security and performance capabilities for enterprises. TDE significantly hardens data security and mitigates risks for large enterprises.
According to Gartner’s 2023 CIO and Technology Executive Agenda, information security remains a top concern for IT decision-makers. EDB addresses these concerns by adding TDE to EDB Standard and Enterprise plans, while continuing to deliver best-in-class Oracle compatibility and migration solutions. EDB is the first company to deliver TDE for Postgres with Oracle compatibility, with flexible deployment and unmatched management and support for enterprises.
“Maintaining the security and integrity of data can be a complicated task for large enterprises,” said Jozef de Vries, Chief Product Engineering Officer, EDB. “EDB’s latest innovations further demonstrate a commitment to product design with a security-first approach. By adding transparent data encryption, we’re making it even more attractive for organizations to move to Postgres as their enterprise database standard.”
With this milestone, EDB addresses the top challenges for enterprises to maintain security and meet compliance requirements. EDB’s delivery of TDE includes the following benefits:
Block level encryption to prevent unauthorized data access. Postgres data, the write-ahead logging (WAL), and temporary files are encrypted on disk and are not readable by system users.
Data encryption and decryption is managed by the database and does not require application changes or updated client drivers.
Key management that is external to Postgres with initial support for Amazon AWS Key Management Service, Google Cloud Key Management Service, Microsoft Azure Key Vault, and Thales CipherTrust Manager.
In addition to TDE, EDB Enterprise Plan includes additional new enhancements, including improvements in Oracle compatibility to enable greater application code reuse. Enterprise Plan includes the latest PostgreSQL 15 release with all of EDB’s contributions, such as the MERGE SQL command and advanced replication capabilities.
To learn more about Transparent Data Encryption and additional EDB Postgres 15 enhancements, visit the EDB Blog.
About EDB
More than 1,500 organizations work with EDB to get the most out of Postgres. With unmatched expertise, EDB ensures high availability, reliability, security, 24×7 global support and advanced professional services, both on premises and in the cloud, to help you control risk, manage costs and scale efficiently. As a leading contributor to the growing Postgres community, EDB is committed to driving technology innovation.
Source: EDB
Mon, 13 Feb 2023 10:00:00 -0600text/htmlhttps://www.datanami.com/this-just-in/enterprisedb-unveils-transparent-data-encryption-for-postgres-security-and-compliance/Killexams : Memory Based GATE 2023 Question Paper, Check GATE Branch Wise Questions Asked
Check GATE 2023 questions asked for all branches. Know the topic-wise GATE questions for GATE CSE, ME, ECE, EE, CE and other papers here.
GATE 2023 Question Paper Memory Based
GATE Question Paper 2023: IIT Kanpur has concluded the day 4 GATE 2023 exams today - February 12, 2023. IIT Kanpur conducted the CE1 and CE2 examinations today. Students can check here the list of questions asked for the GATE 2023 Day 4 examination here.IIT Kanpur will also be releasing the list of question papers on the official website shortly. Candidates can visit the official website gate.iitk.ac.in to check the question paper.
However, before the release of official question papers, various coaching institutes will release the GATE memory-based question paper 2023 with solutions. The memory-based GATE 2023 question paper will be released after the exam. IIT Kanpur is conducting GATE 2023 on February 4, 5, 11, and 12. You can check GATE analysis 2023 and know the paper review.
Updated as on February 11, 2023
GATE Question Paper 2023: Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur has concluded Shift 1 of the GATE 2023 Day 2 examination. Candidates who have appeared for the GATE 2023 Shift 1 EE Examination can check here the test question paper and the memory based questions given by students who have appeared for the exam.
Candidates must note that the official question paper for all the branches of the GATE 2023 test will be made available on the official website after the examinations on all the four days conclude. The GATE 2023 question paper will be released as a pdf document along with the GATE 2023 answer key.
Memory Based GATE 2023 Question Paper
GATE memory-based question paper will help candidates to calculate their scores before the announcement of results. Those who are appearing for the PG engineering entrance test can prepare for the examination using the GATE previous year's question papers. Preparing through GATE question papers helps candidates understand the GATE test pattern in a better way. The GATE 2023 test is being conducted by IIT Kanpur for M.Tech admissions.
Check memory-based GATE 2023 EE Questions
The GATE 2023 EE memory-based questions will be available here soon. Candidates who have appeared for the GATE 2023 Day 2 EE examination can check here the questions asked during the exams.
Check memory-based GATE 2023 CS questions below -
GATE Question Paper 2023 and Weightage
Particulars
Weightage
General Aptitude
15%
Engineering Mathematics
13%
Core Subject Papers
72%
GATE Branch Wise Questions 2023 Asked
The authorities will release subject-wise GATE question papers 2023 on the official website after the test is conducted. However, till then here we will provide the GATE branch-wise questions asked in the test based on the candidate's memory. Till then candidates can also obtain the previous year's GATE question papers for all the subjects from below. The question papers are made available in PDF format for the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE).
GATE Question Papers 2023
IIT Kanpur will release the GATE question papers pdf on the official website. Applicants will be able to obtain the GATE branch-wise question papers with solutions after the conclusion of the exam. Many coaching institutes will also release the GATE answer key and question papers 2023 with solutions on test day. Until the GATE 2023 test is conducted, candidates can check the GATE previous year's papers on this page.
Previous Year's GATE Question Papers
Candidates can attempt the previous year's GATE question papers to know their preparation levels, type of questions, and difficulty level of the exam. The question papers will also help the candidates in the management of time during the test and enhance their ability to solve problems. Check the table below -
GATE Question Paper Subjects
Question Paper PDF
GATE CSE Question Paper (Computer Science and Information Technology)
Fri, 03 Feb 2023 16:05:00 -0600text/htmlhttps://www.jagranjosh.com/news/gate-2023-memory-based-questions-paper-167065Killexams : Best free PDF editors (February 2023)
The best free PDF editors deliver a powerful set of professional editing tools - without requiring subscriptions and payments.
Some of the best PDF editors on the market, like Adobe Acrobat (and the many Acrobat alternatives), offer everything you need for creating, editing, and collaborating on documents. But just because you’re working to a budget doesn’t mean you have to compromise on features. Because the very best free PDF editors come equipped with PDF-Office file conversion, OCR software, and eSign software.
If you’re looking to swerve that Creative Cloud subscription or those one-off fees, the best free PDF editors will see you right. We’ve tested out these essential productivity tools to make sure that free doesn’t mean feature-free.
As part of our review process, we’ve explored each PDF editor’s integrated tools and workflows, sized up their cloud storage offerings, and compatibility across WIndows, macOS, and mobile devices. So, you can get on with the job at hand, whether you need to design a file from scratch or a free PDF reader to view your documents.
TODAY'S TOP 3 BEST PDF EDITORS
We’ve tested, reviewed, and rated the best PDF editors for Windows, Mac, mobile, and online. If it's in budget, we recommend these top three premium picks - bringing professional PDF editing tools into the home or office.
The best free PDF editors 2023
(Image credit: PDF24 Tools)
Best free PDF editor overall
Specifications
Platform:PC
Reasons to buy
+
Completely free
+
Fast and light
+
Lots of features for every need
Reasons to avoid
-
Occasionally a bit clunky
-
Windows-only
PDF24 Creator is our pick for best free PDF editor overall. You may find the website a tad dated, but the tool is surprisingly feature-rich.
The free PDF editor is a very small program that can easily run on older systems - ideal, then, for businesses with limited resources or a suite of low-spec computers.
When we tested the software, we rated it as one of the best free tools, going above and beyond what's expected. It’s full of features, and has everything needed to create and edit PDF documents. While we noted that it lacked more advanced features usually found in premium tools like Adobe Acrobat DC, we felt that most users will find more than enough utility within PDF24 Creator.
The tool serves up a PDF editor for free document creation, PDF merging, PDF compressing, and converting PDFs into other formats. You can even optimize a PDF for the web or apply OCR to a PDF, so that you can convert scanned images to text.
PDF24 Creator has a minimalistic user interface and it’s clear that the program is designed around speed first and foremost. All of the important features are easy to find and when you first open the software, you’re presented with a grid of editing options. And yes, our top choice for best free PDF editor is genuinely free and unlimited, through and through.
PDF Candy is ideal if you want a free online PDF editor and a way to edit PDF files in your browser. You’ll also find a desktop version available for Windows if you upgrade to the lifetime license.
Easily one of the best free PDF editors online, it's delightfully simple to use - everything is clean, clear, and easy to navigate. And it's absolutely packed with functionality, with an impressive 47 different tools for editing, altering, converting PDF files, and so much more.
The free version places a one-task-per-hour limit, which can be removed by setting up a monthly or annual subscription, or purchasing it outright for a one-off payment. The latter also grants access to the Windows-only desktop PDF editor app.
However, no tool or feature is off-limits, regardless of your plan. And that makes PDF Candy a great choice whether you're a casual PDF editor or a productive power-user. There's something for everyone here.
PDF Candy, which earned 4.5 stars in our review, simplifies and streamlines online PDF editing and converting. And there's loads of tools you probably didn't know you needed until now.
The free online PDF editor presents you with plenty of useful tools. This includes the option to edit PDF files online, convert documents to a variety of formats, merge and compress PDFs.
On top of that, PDF Candy lets you easily extract text and images, resize pages, and add watermarks. In total, there are an impressive 47 different tools to help you manage and edit PDF files. All features are found in a handy list of buttons, so you won't spend ages looking for what you need.
Once you’ve made the necessary changes to a PDF, you can obtain the file directly to your computer or save it to your Google Drive or Dropbox cloud storage. You can also edit multiple PDF files and when you go this route, PDF Candy queues them so you can obtain everything at one time.
Smallpdf was created with a single goal in mind: edit and compress PDFs.
But what sets it apart from the competition is its extensive multi-lingual support, available in 24 different languages and used in 195 countries around the world.
Long considered one of the best free PDF editors online - you can make all the changes you need from your browser - the user experience is excellent and incredibly easy to use. When we tested Smallpdf, we found the lightweight, cloud-based tool perfect for simple tasks, but not ideal for high-volume editing or advanced features.
Using the PDF editor is straightforward. Upload your PDF via the website, and begin making annotations and taking notes. You can also add pictures, text and shapes to a PDF. Once you’ve made the necessary changes, Smallpdf allows you to compress a PDF or export it as a Word, Excel or PowerPoint file.
If you want even more functionality, you can upgrade to Smallpdf’s premium edition. While the web version is slightly cheaper, you can pay a bit more to take advantage of the desktop version so you can work offline. Alongside a web PDF editor and Windows desktop app, users can also install the PDF editor on Android and iOS phones.
Apple’s Preview app is free, and as you’d imagine, only available on the Mac. It’s designed to let you preview many different image formats, but its most interesting feature is its ability to view, interact with, and manipulate PDFs.
After testing our choice for best free PDF editor for Mac, we concluded that Apple’s product was a remarkably powerful editor, allowing you to perform what could be considered advanced content manipulation and note taking tools.
The basics are seamless: open a file, scroll through the pages, search for specific words, print the whole document, or just parts of it, fill in specific fields, add notes, it’s all there, and you can’t really ask for an easier-to-use PDF reader.
But Preview goes one better: you can manipulate PDFs files to a certain extent. There's no text editing, but you can reorder pages, rotate them, and even delete them.
For custom PDF creation, you have the option of copying and pasting pages into new documents - as long as those original PDFs allow you to copy their pages.
Canva’s free PDF editor is a good choice if you’re looking to create documents from scratch or re-edit an existing file.
Like the platform’s design app and logo maker, the browser-based editor is pure child’s play. If you’re familiar with Canva’s other free tools, you won’t find any surprises here. And if you’ve never made or edited a PDF document before, it won’t take long to master the tools and build professional-looking assets. Select an element, drag it into position, and that’s that. It offers a decent amount of customization. You’ll also find it packed with stock images and vector graphics that can be added to your file.
When we reviewed the free PDF editor, we were especially impressed with its ability to turn existing PDFs into editable documents. Upload your file and the tool smartly identifies the different elements on the page - text boxes, images, background colors, that sort of thing. You’re then free to click and modify (or delete) any of these.
There is also an app library for added utility. This is where you can connect your cloud storage services, add links, and even create QR codes. This is all free to use, but there is a monthly/annual subscription available, adding business-focused utilities such as brand kits, more cloud storage, premium graphics, and social media scheduling. Subscribers gain access to these across the Canva platform; it’s not limited to the PDF editing tool.
Effortless is, perhaps, the best way to describe this top free PDF editor. But while the tool excels on the design side, it lacks many of the advanced features you’ll find in full-fat software like Adobe Acrobat. There’s no OCR, for example, and no eSign integration. That makes it best for teams and marketing departments largely focused on designing their own PDF assets.
I Love PDF is an online service that allows you to manipulate PDF files in a number of ways. You can merge files together, split a single one into multiples, and convert documents to and from the PDF format. The only thing you cannot do is alter the original content of a PDF, although you can add additional text boxes, images and shapes.
So, it’s not a full PDF editor like Adobe Acrobat DC. In fact, we noted in our review of the PDF editing tool that while it lets you manipulate documents in many ways, the drawback is that you can’t actually change the existing content of these files. You can only add extra text boxes, shapes, images, and the like.
Despite this, it does contain a number of interesting features that are cleverly implemented. This includes being able to use your phone’s camera to scan pages, and have them appear back on your page on your computer, once done. You can easily add page numbers to every page, or even a watermark, and of course add a digital electronic signature to a document.
The online PDF editor is free, as long as you access it from a web browser. A handful of tools have limited functionality in this way, but should be suitable for most people’s needs.
If you require more advanced features like OCR and offline PDF editing , then you’ll need to consider subscribing.
Sejda, like PDF Candy and Smallpdf, is one of the best free PDF editors available online in your browser. You can also grab a separate free downloadable, editable PDF app for desktops.
What sets it apart from other similar offerings, however, are its security features. All files uploaded to the service are automatically wiped from its servers after two hours. This means you can use it to work on sensitive documents without having to be panic about your data being leaked or stolen.
Sejda as a convincingly power PDF editor - in our tests, we found that using it is incredibly self-explanatory, and it was frankly difficult to fault the tools on offer. On the other hand, we were disappointed by the lack of precision over layout and movement controls.
Sejda also offers a desktop version with the biggest difference being that all of the processing is handled locally as opposed to in the cloud. Regardless of which free version you choose, Sejda limits you to working on a maximum of three tasks per day, one file at a time and files can’t be larger than 50MB or 200 pages.
In addition to being able to edit PDF text, you can add new text as well as images including shapes and drawings. Sejda also lets you add annotations, create forms, whiteout sections of a document and more. For those that do decide to upgrade, Sejda is available as a weekly, monthly or annual subscription though there are discounts for larger teams with multiple users.
Why you can trust TechRadar Our expert reviewers spend hours testing and comparing products and services so you can choose the best for you. Find out more about how we test.
When deciding which free PDF editor is best for you, make a list of the must-have feature-set needed by you and your team. Not all free Adobe Acrobat alternatives are created equally. For example, if you’re bulk-editing, a tool like PDF24 Creator will serve you better than SmallPDF.
Consider which bits of your PDF file you need to change. If you’re just trying to add information to a form digitally, you’ll just need a basic editor that supports text insertion.
However, if you need to change the content of a PDF substantially, you’ll require a more powerful PDF editor that can make modifications to text or images already stored in the file. In some cases, especially if you want to change almost all the content of your file, it may be better to use a dedicated PDF converter instead.
Other advanced features to look out for, depending on your workflow, are built-in PDF conversion, OCR software, and eSign software. Cloud storage is another factor, so check the free PDF editor supports platforms like Google Drive and Dropbox.
Most modern browsers have free PDF reader capabilities if that’s all you need
What is a PDF editor?
A PDF editor lets you assemble a Portable Document Format (PDF) file from scratch, as well as amend the content of existing PDF files. The format was released by Adobe in 1993 as a way to standardize documents viewed across different platforms, devices, and screens. Most PDF editors come with the ability to convert, or batch convert, common file types such as Microsoft Office’s Word, Powerpoint, and Excel to and from the PDF format. You’ll also find more advanced tools like optical character recognition (OCR) software.
Are free PDF editors good?
Whether or not a free PDF editor is best for you will largely depend on how you’ll use it, and where. While there are some free PDF desktop apps that work offline, they don’t always feature multi-platform and mobile support. Many others are only available online in your browser. You'll find some have extra features, like PDF merging tools and PDF compressors. But others are bereft of anything but the basics. So, it can be hit-and-miss. Free PDF editors can also impose usage limits, such as the amount of files you can import, or export, per day. As such, they’re often better for light users, or to get a taste for the tool.
Should I use a free PDF editor?
Free PDF editors are popular - but they're not always the best solution, particularly for data-conscious and data-compliant businesses. It's worth being aware of some of the reasons why organizations often tend to go premium in our guide 5 reasons why you should avoid free PDF editors
How do I edit a PDF for free?
All PDF editors are designed differently - although tools and layouts follow a similar pattern. We’ve covered several ways to alter documents in the most popular paid-for and free PDF editors with our guide How to edit a PDF.
To test for the best free PDF editors, we first set up an account with the relevant software platform, whether as a obtain or as an online service.
We then tested the service using a handful of PDF files to see how the PDF editor could handle editing not just text, but also images, as well as tables imported from Microsoft Excel.
The aim was to push each software platform to see whether it could simply and easily not just edit a range of content types but also do so faithfully and consistently without introducing formatting issues or similar problems.