(ArtemisDiana/Shutterstock)

American companies that have relied on SAS-based data analytics routines for decades but would like to separate themselves from the SAS Institute and its maintenece fees may be interested in another SAS runtime option that recently became available from Altair.

For decades, SAS Institute was the dominant provider of analytics software, based on the widespread use of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) language that its co-founders, including SAS CEO Jim Goodnight, created in the late 1960s at North Carolina State University. The SAS code and SAS Institute’s tools and runtime engines spread into all industries, cementing themselves as the undisputable standard for corporate analytics in the US and abroad.

But that analytic hegemony has been tested in accurate years thanks to the rise of open languages like Python and R. The meteoric rise of Python, in particular, has many companies casting their analytic bets with the uber popular scripting language, which can be used to program a slew of data-related tasks, including data engineering, analytics, and AI.

SAS–the Cary, North Carolina company–has made inroads with the open analytic community. The company, which boasted 83,000 customers in 147 countries supports just a few years ago, has supported Python in AI and analytic libraries in Viya, its modern flagship offering that it’s encouraging its giant installed base to migrate to.

SAS is considered to be the world’s largest privately held software company, with 2019 revenues of $3.1 billion (JHVEPhoto/Shutterstock)

However, by all accounts, there remains a sizable group of SAS customers with large amounts of SAS code that has not been moved into Viya. Much of this SAS code has run reliably for decades on platforms ranging from Windows desktops to giant IBM System Z mainframes and Power servers. In many cases, the original SAS developers have long since left the companies, leaving efficient and reliable SAS code as their legacy.

While many of these customers would prefer to have their routines in a more “modern” environment like Python, that’s not an easy journey. The lack of good code converters means that a move from SAS to Python is practically a rewrite, which raises red flags for risk-averse corporations. As a result, many of these companies are loathe to touch the SAS code, and they continue to pay licensing fees to the SAS company for the right to execute it.

It’s a classic case of “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it,” according to Mark Do Couto, senior vice president of data analytics at Altair Engineering.

“For the most part, a lot of the organizations are just leaving that component of the business as-is,” Do Couto said. “They just continue to hit the run button, so they know it works, and they know they can get the output. And they continue to work with SAS to keep things status quo.”

Compiler and Runtime Alternative

About 20 years ago, a UK company named World Programming decided to go head-to-head with the analytics giant SAS. The company devised a compiler and a runtime for SAS code, called WPS Analytics, and began selling it to SAS customers in the UK’s finance, telecommunications, and healthcare industries.

Eventually, World Programming began selling to companies in Asia who wanted an alternative to the official runtime from SAS. Hundreds of companies in Europe and Asia eventually were users of the SAS runtime alternative.

SAS did not take the challenge sitting down. The company sued World Programming in Europe and the US. All of the lawsuits in Europe were resolved in World Programming’s favor, according to Do Couto, while SAS won one legal challenge in the US (which hinged on the copying of SAS Institute support materials into WPS support documentation). That case resulted in an injunction against the company operating in the large US market, which World Programming had never successfully penetrated.

When Altair acquired World Programming for an undisclosed sum in December 2021, it was fully aware of the company’s legal situation. Earlier this year, Altair paid the remainder of the balance due on the US legal settlement, and a judge in March cleared the way for sales to resume, according to Do Couto. “So Now Altair has green light to sell it to all of our customers and potential customer across the world,” he said.

The WPS environment is remarkably good at compiling and running SAS source code without many changes, according to Do Couto.

“It’s not 100%. It’s in the 90s–92% to 93%,” he told Datanami in a accurate interview. “The things that don’t run are either syntax errors, a challenge in the way the code was originally written, or a very small amount of procedures that SAS has in their language that are very rarely used.”

When customers do run into unsupported procedures, the WPS team typically will work to support it in the compiler and runtime, Do Couto said. That has been the World Programming business model for years.

The savings that customers can get by moving to the WPS environment and eliminating the SAS maintenance fees is one thing. But such a move can also free up SAS code to run on bigger, newer machines that customers have been hesitant to install for fear of triggering even bigger price increases, according to Do Couto.

“Their annual license fee is probably going up 2% to 3% or whatever CPI might be for them,” Do Couto said. “But they know if they upgrade their hardware, there’s probably going to be a software cost increases because of the hardware component. So this gives our customers the opportunity to finally upgrade that hardware and not do it at the detriment of a potential license fee increase.”

Opening SAS

Altair supports the WPS SAS runtime on industry standard servers, as well as IBM mainframes and Power boxes running IBM i, AIX, and Linux operating systems. These “big iron” platforms have their own legacy application challenges that customers are dealing with, so it’s not surprising that SAS code that has successfully run OLAP routines for customers for decades are grouped in with legacy ERP and OLTP systems that corporations are eager to modernize and refresh.

Customers can work with SAS code inthe WPS Analytics Workbench (Image courtesy Altair)

“Some of the biggest logos out there, we know they have run SAS for years,” Do Couto said. “They have SAS in their environment. A lot of it is legacy code that’s stuck into their ETL, their reporting, their dashboarding. And it’s basically on its own internal run cycle.  Nobody is really doing anything with the code. They’re just running it.”

The ability to essentially copy and paste that aging SAS code into a new runtime and get out from under the obligation of paying SAS maintenance fees is likely to be something that SAS customers provide some thought. Many will likely stay with SAS, which has made some enhancements to the language but is really focused on getting customers to move to Viya. For others, a move away from SAS may be the right one.

“For us, it’s a huge opportunity,” Do Couto said. “We don’t know the exact cost of every single renewal and contract that these organizations have with SAS. But we can imagine it’s fairly large.  And giving customers a choice of where they can run the code without redoing it–it’s exciting for us and it’s exiting for our customers.”

The New Legacy

With the legal issues behind it, Altair is eager to begin selling into the massive SAS installed base, particularly in the US, which has never really been touched by World Programming’s offering. The Troy, Michigan, company is touting its licensing model that revolves around Altair Units–which allows customers to use any of the Altair data analytics products–as another benefit that will bring value to former SAS customers.

“So not only do they get access to the code engine, if you will, but they also get access to our data preparation tool, data science tools, our visual dashboarding tool, and our SmartWorks tool that’s cloud native,” Do Couto said. “It’s not only giving them the flexibility to run that code, but it’s the flexibility of looking at a whole platform and product portfolio.”

Python may be the standard for current data projects, but the installed base of SAS code is immense and won’t likely be converted anytime soon (dTosh/Shutterstock)

Altair has started to more deeply integrate the SAS code into its existing environment. Companies can already work with SAS code in Knowledge Studio, the company’s data science platform, which gives customers the ability to work in SAS and even export predictive models in the SAS language that can subsequently be executed on the WPS kit. And it’s currently working to integrate the SAS language more deeply with SmartWorks.

Somewhat ironically, the whole World Programming exercise has resulted in Do Couto gaining a greater degree of respect for the SAS language environment. Do Couto, who was already familiar with the WPS environment while working at Agnoss (which was acquired by Datawatch in 2018 just before Altair bought Datawatch), has a new perspective on SAS’s continued relevance in the modern Pythonic age.

“I’ll be honest. Originally when I was going through this, [I thought] Python was the way of the future,” he said. “Python was the code that was better. Everyone you talk to has said that. It makes a lot of sense. It’s continually being enhanced with the community. Obviously it’s great….[But] there are things that just run better and more efficiently in SAS than Python.”

Considering how big a lift moving from SAS to Python will be for most companies–especially the large American corporations with hundreds of thousands of lines of SAS code that have run reliably, day in and day out, for decades–Altair will be quite happy to continue to provide customers the support they need to move to Python or to just keep running the existing SAS code.

“We’re giving them an environment where they can see, is [Python] going to perform better than what they’re already doing in that already-written SAS language code that they have?” he said. “There may be some things that don’t make sense to move or transition over.”

At a accurate Gartner event that Do Couto attended, analysts urged caution in moving too quickly from SAS to an all-Python environment.

“If you do a full transition to Python and you’re in an all-Python environment, what is 15 to 20 years from now going to look like?” he said. “Is there going to be another code language, and is their Python code environment going to be the same challenge that customers have now with their SAS language?”

At the end of the day, the SAS legacy will stand as one of the greatest in the history of data analytics. But as Dr. Goodnight nears retirement, there are questions about what will become of the company that he has successfully led for so many years. No matter how solid the SAS products are, the tide of open source analytics, and Python in particular, are pulling against the company. How long will that last? Only time will tell.

But thanks to its acquisition of World Programming, Altair is positioned to let customers continue to run their SAS code, or transition to newer coding environments. Giving customers a choice in analytics environment makes good business sense for Altair and its customers, Do Couto said.

“We don’t want our customers to feel like they need to be siloed in one code environment. We think a multi-code environment makes a lot of sense and there’s a lot of value to that,” he said. “We’ve always been pro open source and pro-choice, and giving our customers an environment that they have that flexibility–that’s what we’re going to lead with and want our customer to be trained in, and understand that once it’s in there running, then you can make decisions for the future.”

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The functionality of a computer program and the programming language cannot be protected by copyright, the Court of Justice of the European Union has recently asserted. Indeed, anyone who purchases a licence for a program is entitled to observe, study or test the way it functions in order to determine the ideas and principles which underlie that program and utilise such ideas for his own commercial purposes, the court confirmed.

The Maltese Copyright Act affords protection to computer programs- Mariosa Vella Cardona

A company, SAS Institute, developed an integrated set of programs which enables users to carry out data processing and analysis tasks, in particular statistical analysis. The core component of their SAS system enables users to write and execute application programs, commonly known as scripts, written in the SAS programming language for data processing. A competing company, WPL, produced a similar system, WPS, which imitates to a large extent the functionalities of the SAS system. This meant that users of the SAS System could run the scripts which they have developed for use with the SAS System on the WPS system. In order to produce the WPS program, WPL lawfully acquired copies of the Learning Edition of the SAS System, which were supplied under licences limiting the rights of the licensee to non-production purposes. WPL used and studied these programs in order to understand their functionality. However, there was nothing to suggest that it had access to or copied the source code of the SAS components.

SAS Institute filed an action before the UK courts alleging that WPL had copied the SAS System manuals and components, thus breaching its copyright and the terms of the Learning Edition licence. The UK Court proceeded to make a preliminary reference to the Court of Justice of the European Union requesting guidance as to the scope of the legal protection conferred by EU law to computer programs and, in particular, whether that protection extends to programming functionality and language.

The European Court confirmed that EU law extends copyright protection to the expression in any form of an intellectual creation of the author of a computer program. However, ideas and principles which underlie any element of a computer program, including those which underlie its interfaces, are not protected by copyright. The object of the protection conferred by law is therefore the expression in any form of a computer program, such as the source code and the object code, which permits reproduction in different computer languages.

The court then proceeded to clarify that neither the functionality of a computer program nor the programming language and the format of data files used in a computer program in order to exploit certain of its functions, constitute a form of expression. Hence, they do not enjoy copyright protection. If this were not so, the court maintained, it would be possible for software engineers to monopolise ideas, to the detriment of technological progress and industrial development. It is only the source code or object code relating to the programming language or to the format of data files used in a computer program, that are awarded copyright protection.

The court went on to observe that the purchaser of a software licence has the right to observe, study or test the functioning of that software in order to determine the ideas and principles which underlie any element of the program. Indeed, any provisions in any contract of purchase which seek to impede such a right are null and void. The determination of such ideas and principles must, however, be carried out within the framework of the acts permitted by the licence. Consequently, the owner of the copyright in a computer program may not prevent, by relying on the licensing agreement, the purchaser of that licence from observing, studying or testing the functionality of the program so as to extrapolate the ideas and principles which underlie all the elements of the program. This is only the case if the purchaser carries out acts covered by the licence and the acts of loading and running are necessary for the use of the program.

On a final note, the court concluded that the reproduction, in a computer program or a user manual for that program, of certain elements described in the user manual for another computer program protected by copyright may breach copyright protection of the original manual. This is so, however, if the material reproduced constitutes the expression of the intellectual creation of the author of the first manual. The court observed that, the keywords, syntax, commands and combinations of commands, options, defaults and iterations consist of words, figures or mathematical concepts, considered in isolation, are not, as such, an intellectual creation of the author of a program. It is only through the choice, sequence and combination of such words, figures or mathematical concepts that the author expresses his creativity in an original manner. It is up to the national courts to ascertain, in each particular case, whether the material reproduced does constitute a form of expression of the intellectual creation of the author of a user manual of a computer program protected by copyright.

The Maltese Copyright Act affords protection to computer programs. However, our law also recognises the fact that the rights emanating from copyright protection are not absolute rights and clearly makes provision for limitations to these rights in specified circumstances. Indeed, our law recognises, just as the Court of Justice of the European Union has done, that such limitations also apply specifically to copyright in computer programs. The author of a computer program must therefore be aware that any copyright that he enjoys over a computer program does not provide him with unassailable rights but such rights may in certain specific circumstances be curtailed for the sake of innovation and progress.

mariosa@vellacardona.com

Dr Vella Cardona is a practising lawyer and a freelance consultant in EU, intellectual property, consumer protection and competition law. She is the deputy chairman of the Malta Competition and Consumer Affairs Authority as well as a member of the National Commission for the Promotion of Equality.

Court Lifts Final Injunction in Favor of Altair in World Programming Case

Solution can now be sold in the U.S. and around the world, providing customers an alternative to the SAS language environment TROY, Mich., June 27, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Altair  (Nasdaq: ALTR), a global leader in computational science and artificial intelligence (AI), paid and fully satisfied the 2019 North Carolina judgment SAS Institute obtained against recently acquired World Programming (WPL), a UK-based technology company that specializes in data analytics software. Shortly thereafter on March 3, 2022, the North Carolina court lifted the injunction that had previously prevented WPL from licensing its solutions to new customers in the United States. Altair can now license WPL solutions to customers in the United States and around the world. With its payment of the 2019 North Carolina judgment, Altair brought an end to nearly 12 years of litigation between SAS and WPL except for an appeal filed by SAS in the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit after a federal court in Texas ruled against SAS on its copyright and patent claims. "WPL exemplifies our dedication to open architecture technology, which we believe is the best way people can harness innovation, Excellerate products, and get the most from their work. Offering the flexibility to translate and interchange coding languages will allow organizations to build the foundation for more robust, powerful, and agile organizational processes," said James R. Scapa, founder and chief executive officer, Altair. "Now, companies in any industry across the globe can embrace open-source languages and technology while simultaneously leveraging the decades of investment they've put into the SAS language." WPL's technology has been brought into the Altair suite of data analytics solutions and allows users to develop and execute software solutions in multi-language coding environments. Customers can utilize modern, open-source languages like Python, R, and SQL alongside established, legacy languages like the SAS language. These products include: Altair SLC: Runs programs written in the SAS language syntax without users needing to translate it or license third-party products. Also features a built-in SAS language compiler that runs the SAS language and SQL code and utilizes Python and R compilers to run Python and R code and exchange SAS language datasets, Pandas, and R data frames. Altair SmartWorks Hub: Gives users and organizations centralized governance and deployment services for every step in the data analytics lifecycle. Also lets organizations control access to data sources and deployed applications, stores audit logs about all user actions, and gives all users the power to handle tasks once considered the exclusive domain of information technology (IT) and DevOps teams. Altair Analytics Workbench: Empowers users to break down data silos, Excellerate productivity, and reduce costs by giving teams a single platform where all users can connect, prepare, discover, and model any data. Also gives users an intuitive, drag-and-drop interface that lets them include Python, R, and SQL code into their SAS language programs – without needing to license third-party programs to run the SAS language programs. With the acquisition of WPL, Altair is the first company to provide organizations an alternative environment with the flexibility to leverage their decades of investment in the SAS language alongside modern, open-source coding languages, giving them the true power of a hybrid approach. Customers don't have to reprogram old code if they want to incorporate existing SAS language code into new platforms where R, SQL, or Python is the dominant language. Additionally, organizations can use the newly acquired WPL technology to integrate SAS language code that has been running on outdated servers into new servers without having to worry about incurring additional power-based licensing costs. Altair SLC, Altair SmartWorks Hub, and Altair Analytics Workbench are available via Altair Units, which gives customers easy access to Altair's entire portfolio of software solutions. About Altair Altair is a global leader in computational science and artificial intelligence (AI) that provides software and cloud solutions in simulation, high-performance computing (HPC), data analytics, and AI. Altair enables organizations across all industries to compete more effectively and drive smarter decisions in an increasingly connected world – all while creating a greener, more sustainable future. For more information, visit https://www.altair.com/. Logo -  https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1421069/Altair_Logo.jpg

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Mobile email is a multi-channel computerized limited time action to arrive at the interest group through their mobile gadgets, for example, cell phones and tablets, by means of email, SMS and MMS, online entertainment, sites, and applications. In light of exploration led by the Global System for Mobile Communications Association (GSMA) research, around 75% of the complete number of mobile clients would utilize cell phones toward the finish of 2025. The quickly developing reception of cell phones and tablets combined with vigorous web entrance in non-industrial nations, for example, China and India would fundamentally drive the market.

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Top Key Players of Mobile Email Market Report are IBM Corporation, InMobi, Alphabet Inc. (Google), SAS Institute Inc., Millennial Media, Amobee Inc. (Singapore Telecommunications Ltd), Marketo (Adobe Inc.), Flurry Inc., Oracle Corp., Salesforce.com Inc., Chartboost Inc.

Mobile email is one of the key computerized marketing systems embraced by associations to advance their items and administrations. It likewise assists associations with wiping out paper costs and signifies a quick and helpful means to interface with target clients. It empowers the mix of new, creative techniques for promotion with similar marketing systems to build their effect and congeniality regarding objective clients. A few overviews led by many organizations mean that over 90% of the young use cell phones to get to data or content. Roughly 49% of cell phone proprietors utilize mobile web to get to web indexes. Such factors are expected to set out development open doors for the central members working on the market for mobile email.

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Rising reception of geofencing across different enterprises is supposed to drive the market over the gauge period altogether. Moreover, expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR) in retail area to grasp purchaser conduct and to send warnings likewise is projected to move the development. Fast expansion in watchers getting to Over the Top (OTT) content is expected to set out huge open doors for advanced undertakings throughout the approaching years. Expanding reception of promotion block programming by cell phone clients to stay away from undesirable advertisements is the key component controlling development. Moreover, severe unofficial laws connected with mobile promotions combined with protection and security concerns are expected to hamper the development.

Segmentation:

The enormous venture section caught around 61% of the piece of the pie in 2019 attributable to the quickly developing reception of mobile email methodologies by huge associations across different businesses. Enormous retail organizations are taking on new advancements, for example, AI and AR to upgrade the visual show of commercials, which thus further develops watcher commitment. The multiplication of cell phones alongside the tendency of purchasers towards cell phones is decidedly affecting the development. New companies are making huge interests in computerized marketing to make buyer mindfulness in regards to items and administrations.

The mobile web portion represented a market share of roughly 22%, inferable from countless cell phone clients habitually getting to mobile web search tools. As per GSMA, in 2018, the worldwide reception of cell phones was 60% and is expected to develop by 79% by 2025. Besides, high speculations by business undertakings to advance their items through mobile web search tools would drive the portion development over the figure period.

Fast Response codes (QR codes) marketing is more reasonable than other mobile email arrangements inferable from the different advantages. QR codes are pictures that can be decoded through extraordinary underlying perusers in tablets and cell phones. These are two-layered codes that contains a ton data than conventional scanner tags. Developing reception of in-application marketing in banks to provide fitted items and administration related content straightforwardly to customers’ gadgets is supposed to support development of the BFSI portion.

Regional analysis:

In 2019, North America market for mobile email held an income portion of almost 40%, credited to presence of an enormous number of mobile email specialist organizations combined with the most noteworthy level of cell phone entrance (roughly 77% of the all out populace) in the U.S. Besides, the powerful expansion in the utilization of OTT content is supposed to fuel the territorial development.

Fundamentally rising number of cell phone clients, high interest in telecom network advancement, and mindfulness in regards to mobile email among endeavors are a portion of the elements projected to drive the development of the Latin America district considerably. In any case, Asia Pacific is supposed to observe critical development over the gauge period.

Do You Have Any Query or Specific Requirement? Ask to Our Industry Expert @ https://www.infinitybusinessinsights.com/enquiry_before_buying.php?id=836387

Table of Contents:

1 Mobile Email Market Overview
2 Company Profiles
3 Mobile Email Market Competition, by Players
4 Mobile Email Market Size Segment by Type
5 Mobile Email Market Size Segment by Application
6 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9 South America by Country, by Type, and by Application
10 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11 Research Findings and Conclusion
12 Appendix…

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The SAS windowing environment can be customized in several ways using commands, dialog boxes, and SAS system options.

To choose a different font or point size for text in SAS windows, open the Fonts dialog box by selecting

The fonts available depend on what monospace fonts you have installed under Windows. For example, you might have the Courier font and System font available. When you select a font or point size, the Font Sample field displays a sample of the font you have selected.

When you install SAS, the Setup program automatically installs a TrueType font, named SAS Monospace, designed specifically for use with SAS. This font, in combination with the Sasfont display font, ensures that tabular output is formatted properly whether you view it in the Output window, print it, or copy it to another Windows application.

By default, SAS uses the SAS Monospace font to produce printed output. In addition, any text that you cut, copy, or drag from a SAS window to paste into another Windows application will be formatted with the SAS Monospace font.

You cannot use the Fonts item to select SAS/GRAPH fonts.

CAUTION:

Beware of changing certain display characteristics on low-resolution displays. 
 If you select large font sizes on some monitors, you may not be able to see all the text in your SAS windows at one time. In some windows, such as the SAS/ASSIST window where there are no scroll bars, large font sizes can cause some choices to be invisible. For these types of displays, large font sizes are not recommended. This same problem can occur if you change the Windows Appearance properties and select a window border thickness of a thick size. On low-resolution displays, you should not use thick window borders.  

You can configure your SAS session to accommodate the way that you like to work. For example:

• You can use a movable command box instead of the command bar.
• You can set preferences for scrolling behavior and window appearance.
• You can set a preferred Web browser to use when viewing internet Web pages or HTML output.

To customize your SAS session, enter DLGPREF in the command bar or select

The Preferences dialog box (shown in

) contains different pages that separate the session settings into different categories. Click on the tabs for each page that are located along the top of the dialog box to navigate to the settings that you want to change, and then select the options that you want. When you are finished, click on [OK]. The settings that you select are saved from session to session in the SASUSER.PROFILE catalog by their respecitve pages except for the Results page. The entries in the SASUSER.PROFILE are GENWSAVE, VIEWWSAVE, EDITWSAVE, WEBWSAVE, and ADVWSAVE . The Results page settings are saved in the SAS registry so they are not moved to another machine when the SASUSER.PROFILE catalog is copied.

Preferences Dialog Box (showing the General tab)

The following sections describe each page of the Preferences dialog box and how to use these settings to control your SAS session.

General Preferences

The General preferences page lets you specify the general options that control how your SAS session works. The following are the General options:

Recently used file list

specifies whether SAS retains a list of the files that you have accessed. If this option is selected, you can specify in the Entries field up to 30 files that you want to retain. Show recently used file list on submenu specifies whether the files will be displayed from the Recent Files submenu that you access from the File menu. If Show recently used file list on submenu is not selected, the files are displayed in the File menu. Each time that you access a file from an editor window, the filename is added to the list.

Confirm exit

specifies whether you want the SAS System to prompt you for confirmation before you end your SAS session.

Save settings on exit

specifies whether SAS should automatically save your settings when you exit your SAS session.

Submit contents of file opened

specifies whether you want to submit the contents of all files that you open to the SAS System.

Mail current window as attachment

specifies whether the active window should be automatically included as an e-mail attachment when you initiate electronic mail from within SAS. If you select this option, then you can also specify whether the attachment should be formatted as plain text or as RTF (rich text format, which retains font and color information).

View Preferences

The View preferences page lets you specify the options that control the appearance of your SAS session. The View options include:

Window

specifies whether your SAS windows contain scroll bars and/or a command line. You can also enable or disable ScreenTips (the helpful hints that appear when you position your mouse pointer over window controls).

Show

specifies whether to show certain aspects of the SAS interface, including the following settings:

Docking View

specifies whether to display the docking area on the left side of the main SAS window.

Window Bar

specifies whether to display the window bar at the bottom of the main SAS window.

Status line

specifies which aspects of the status line, if any, you want to have visible in your session. Display message lines specifies whether to display the message area of the status line. Display current folder specifies whether to display the SAS current folder area. Display cursor position specifies whether to display the line and column position of the Enhanced Editor cursor.

Edit Preferences

The Edit preferences page controls options that affect the SAS Text Editor, including:

Overtype mode

specifies whether to insert text or overtype on existing text when you type text in a SAS application window. You can also toggle the overtype mode by pressing the Insert key on your keyboard.

Autosave every n minutes

specifies whether to automatically save the contents of the PROGRAM EDITOR, and how often to save it. The contents are saved to pgm.asv in the current active folder so that you can recover your work in the event that your SAS session ends without giving you a chance to save the contents of the editor.

Enable unmarking with navigation keys

enables unmarking of text using the up, down, left, and right navigation keys.

Use Enhanced Editor

specifies whether the Enhanced Editor is the primary editor.

Results Page

The Results page lets you configure how you would like to view your program output results. The Results page options include:

Listing

specifies to display program output in the Output window.

HTML

specifies to display program output in HTML format.

Style

allows you to choose the appearance of the program output. For more information, see the subject on customizing the styles used in HTML output in the SAS System Help.

Folder

specifies a folder to store HTML output files. You can either type a folder name or click on [Browse] to search for a folder. This setting is only available when the Use WORK folder setting is not selected.

Use WORK folder

specifies to store HTML output files in the WORK folder. The WORK folder is a temporary folder that is deleted when SAS closes.

Autonavigate during results generation

specifies whether to update the browser with the latest generated HTML output.

View results using

specifies a browser to view HTML program output. Internal browser is available if Microsoft Internet Explorer is installed. When Internal browser is selected, SAS displays HTML output using the Results Viewer.

If you select Preferred browser, your HTML output displays using the browser specified by the Preferred browser - Other text field of the Preferences dialog box Web page .

Note:   If you select Use default on the Preferences dialog box Web page, your output is displayed using the browser registered with Windows.  

Web Preferences

The Web preferences page lets you specify your preferred web browser for use within your SAS session. These preferences are used whenever you issue the WBROWSE command (either directly or by selecting a Help menu item or toobar button that issues the command). For more information about the WBROWSE command, see WBROWSE. You can specify the following Web options:

Preferred browser

specifies the preferred web browser to use when accessing web information from within the SAS System. By default, the SAS System uses the browser that is installed on your system and registered with Windows as the default browser. To use a browser other than the default, select the Other radio button and either type a path to the web browser or click [Browse] to search for the path to the Web browser.

Start page

specifies the default web page to which to navigate when invoking the web browser within the SAS System. By default, the browser navigates to http://www.sas.com (the SAS Institute home page on the World Wide Web).

Advanced Preferences

The Advanced preferences page lets you specify a few of the more subtle options that can affect your SAS session, including scrolling policy and other miscellaneous behavior. The Advanced options include:

Scrolling Options

specifies the number of lines that the Log and Output windows scroll when information is written to them.

For the Output winodw, if Scroll lines is selected and the window is full, the window will scroll the number of lines specified in the spin box. The default value is 0 (meaning that no output is written to that window while statements are executing, providing the best performance). When you select Scroll page, the Output window will not display any lines until an entire page is written. When Scroll max is selected, no output will be written to the window until until the procedure is complete.

The default Scroll lines value for the Log window is 1. The advantage of keeping the scrolling setting of the Log window at 1 is that the SAS System uses the Log window to notify you of the status of the running program.

Scrolling can increase the length of time that the SAS System takes to run your program. The less scrolling that the Log and Output windows have to do, the faster your program will run.

You can also set these values by using the Editor Options window or the AUTOSCROLL command. For more information about the AUTOSCROLL command, see AUTOSCROLL and SAS System Help.

Other

These are miscellaneous options settings:

Hide cursor in non-input windows

specifies that the cursor will not appear in windows that do not require text input (such as some SAS/AF programs and SAS/ASSIST software).

Disable scroll bar focus

specifies that the scroll bar does not receive window focus when you click on it. This eliminates flashing problems that can occur in some SAS System applications.

You can use several commands to customize your SAS windowing environment. This section describes using some of these commands.

Customizing Windows Positions

In the default display configuration of an interactive session (shown in The Main SAS Window) the main SAS window displays the Explorer and Results windows as docked windows, and the Log, Program Editor, and Output windows in the remaining SAS workspace.

Using the Windows menu, you can position SAS windows in the same manner as other Windows applications: Minimize (Restore) All Windows, Cascade, Tile Vertically, Tile Horizontally, and Resize. While the default display configuration is sufficient for efficient SAS System use, you may want to open a few more windows for easy access and rearrange the windows on your display. For instance, you may want the My Favorite Folders window open, but minimized, with the windows arranged in a mosaic pattern so you can see all of them at once. To accomplish this, open the My Favorite Folders by selecting

After it is opened, click on the minimize button in the window title bar for the My Favorite Folders window and then select Tile Vertically from the Windows menu.

The resulting main SAS window is displayed in Customized SAS Session:

Customized SAS Session

In addition, you can undock windows so that all windows can be positioned where you would like. For more information on the docking view, see Using the Docking View.

For a list of SAS commands used to control the appearance of the main SAS window, see Windowing Environment Commands that Control the Main SAS Window .

Changing the Window Colors

Changing the color of window components is a shared responsibility of Windows and the SAS System. You change the color of most standard window parts by changing the Properties of the Windows desktop.

Several window element colors are controlled by the SAS System (such as the color of error message text in the Log). To change a window component that is controlled by the SAS System, either type SASCOLOR in the command bar or select

The SASCOLOR window lets you choose the colors to use for specific elements. For more information about the SASCOLOR window, see the SAS System Help for the window.

Several SAS system options are available to control the default windowing environment within the SAS System. The most commonly used options are the following:

AWSDEF

specifies the location and dimensions of the main SAS window when the SAS System initializes.

AWSTITLE

specifies the text for the main SAS window title bar.

FONT

specifies a font name and point size to use as the default SAS session font.

ICON

minimizes the SAS window when the SAS System initializes.

REGISTER

enables you to add applications to the main SAS window Tools pull-down menu so you can execute them by clicking on their names.

SPLASHLOC and NOSPLASH

specifies the location of the logo screen (SPLASHLOC) to display at the start of a SAS session, or suppresses the logo screen (NOSPLASH).

USERICON

specifies user-defined icons to be incorporated into SAS/AF applications.

WEBUI

specifies to enable mouse-pointing to select an object and a single mouse-click to invoke the object's default action.

These system options can be specified in your SAS configuration file or in the SAS command when you start the SAS System from a DOS window. Some are also valid in an OPTIONS statement. For details on the syntax of these options and on where you can specify them, see SAS System Options under Windows.

Changing the Size and Placement of the Main SAS Window

The AWSDEF system option enables you to control the placement and size of the main SAS window when the SAS System initializes. Suppose you want your SAS session always to occupy the upper-left quarter of your display. To accomplish this, specify the following AWSDEF option in your SAS configuration file:

-awsdef 0 0 50 50

For more information about the AWSDEF system option, see AWSDEF.

Changing the Title of Your SAS Session

By default, the main SAS title bar contains the text SAS. If you want a different title, you can use the AWSTITLE system option. For example, to set the title to My SAS Session, specify the following option in your SAS configuration file:

-awstitle "My SAS Session"

Minimizing Your SAS Session

The ICON system option causes the SAS System to be minimized at invocation. If you are running a batch job, you might want to use this system option to save space on your display.

Adding Applications to the Tools Menu

The REGISTER system option enables you to add names of applications to the Tools pull-down menu of the main SAS window. You can execute one of these applications by clicking on its name. The REGISTER system option takes as arguments a menu name and an operating system command or a path specification for an executable file. You can also specify a working folder. For more information about the REGISTER system option, see REGISTER.

The following is an example that adds a command to print the contents of the SAS folder:

-register "Contents of SAS" 
          "dir c:\program files\sas"

When you click on Contents of SAS in the Tools pull-down menu, the output of the Windows DIR command is displayed in a command prompt window.

The following is an example of adding an .EXE file to the menu along with a specification of a working folder of C:\EXDATA:

-register "Excel" "excel.exe" "c:\exdata"

This adds Excel to the menu. When you click on Excel, the file EXCEL.EXE is invoked.

Note:   The REGISTER system option is valid only as an invocation option (that is, in a SAS configuration file or in the SAS invocation command).  

Displaying a Custom Logo Screen during SAS System Invocation

To display your own logo when the SAS System starts:

1. Create the logo that you want to display and save it either as a Windows bitmap (which has a BMP file extension), or compile it as a resource and build it into a DLL.
2. When you invoke SAS, specify the -SPLASHLOC system option with the full pathname of the file that contains your bitmap. If the bitmap is in a DLL, be sure to specify the resource number as well. The default resource number is 1.

   For example, suppose your logo screen is stored in C:\MYBMPS\SPLASH.BMP. You would specify the SPLASHLOC system option like this:

   -splashloc c:\mybmps\splash.bmp

   If your logo was stored in C:\MYDLLS\OPENING.DLL as resource 101, you would specify the SPLASHLOC system option like this:

   -splashloc c:\mydlls\opening.dll 101

   For more information about the SPLASHLOC system option, see SPLASHLOC.

Adding User-Defined Icons to the SAS System

The USERICON system option enables you to add your own icons to the SAS System. These icons can be used with SAS/AF and SAS/EIS applications. The syntax for the USERICON system option is as follows:

The icon-resource-file argument specifies the full path to a dynamic link library (DLL) file that contains the user icons. The number-of-icons argument specifies the number of icons found in the resource file. For example, the following system option specifies that there are four icons located in an icon resource file named ICONS.DLL found in the C:\JUNK folder:

-usericon c:\junk\icons.dll 4

The DLL that is used as the icon resource file must be created using the Win32 Software Development Kit (and must therefore be 32-bit). For more information about how to build a resource file, refer to the documentation for the Microsoft Win32 Software Development Kit.

You can incorporate icons into your SAS/AF and SAS/EIS applications using a FRAME entry. For more information, refer to the SAS System Help for SAS/AF software and SAS/EIS software.

Enabling Web Enhancements in the SAS System

If you have Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 (IE) or greater installed, the WEBUI system option enables some SAS System windows, such as the SAS Explorer window, to work like an IE web page where pointing to an object selects the object and a single mouse-click invokes the default action. To select a range of objects, press and hold down the SHIFT key, and point to the first and last objects in the group. To select multiple items, press and hold down the CTRL key, and point to individual items in the group.

The SAS System assigns several commonly used commands to the toolbar buttons for your convenience. You might find that the commands you use most often are different than the ones assigned to the toolbar by default. Or, you might want to create a toolbar to use with a specific application window or SAS/AF program. This section describes how to customize the toolbar settings.

You customize all toolbar settings using the Customize tools dialog box. To open the Customize tools dialog box, either enter TOOLEDIT in the command bar or select the

You use the Toolbars page for general toolbar settings and the Customize page to define tools on the toolbar.

Setting General Toolbar Preferences

The Toolbars page has settings to control the behavior and appearance the toolbar. Tools options include:

General

specifies toolbar button appearance and help options. These options include:

Large icons

specifies whether to use the set of large buttons on the toolbar. This is especially useful for high-resolution displays.

Show ScreenTips on toolbars

specifies whether to display a short button description when you place the cursor over the toolbar button.

Toolbars

specifies whether or not to display the toolbar and command bar. These options include:

Application Toolbar

specifies whether to display the toolbar for the active application.

Command Bar

specifies to display the command bar and enable the options to use the command bar.

	When Use AutoComplete is selected, SAS remembers previously entered commands and completes the command once you start typing the command.
	Select Sort commands by most recently used to display commands in the command bar drop down list by the most recently entered command. If this setting is not selected, the drop-down list commands are ordered by the most frequently used.
	In the Number of commands saved box, enter the number of commands to save to display in the command bar list box. Valid values range between zero and 50. The default is 15.

When you have configured the Toolbars page, either click on Customize to complete your customization or click on [OK] to close the dialog box.

Customizing a Toolbar

The Customize page allows you to add, delete, and modify commands on the toolbar. Customize Page of the Customize Tools Dialog Box shows the Customize page of the Customize Tools dialog box.

Customize Page of the Customize Tools Dialog Box

You may recognize some buttons as standard Windows buttons, such as the OPEN and SAVE commands. The following list explains each of the buttons (commands) and fields:

Commands that act on the file containing the toolbar definition are a series of three buttons at the top of the page. From left to right:

	the open button opens a toolbar file
	the save button saves a toolbar file
	the restore button restores a toolbar to the default settings

Title

displays the title text which appears in the title bar when the toolbar is undocked.

Commands to define a toolbar, a series of eight buttons from left to right:

Add a tool

adds a tool or a separator space to the toolbar. This tool has two parts. When you click on the left button a blank tool is added to the toolbar. When you click on the the right down arrow, you can select to add either a Blank tool or Separator. Windows that define an action set (for example, Explorer) will have a selection for Action.

Remove tool

deletes a highlighted tool in the list box from the toolbar.

Change button

opens the Bitmap Browser to select a new icon for a tool button.

Move tool up

moves a tool up one position in the list box.

Move tool down

moves a tool down one position in the list box.

Cut

deletes the currently selected button from the list box and places it in the clipboard.

Copy

places a copy of the selected button to the clipboard.

Paste

copies a button from the clipboard to the highlighted command in the list box.

Command

displays the command for the highlighted tool in the list box. You can then add or modify the command in the text box.

Help Text

displays the help text that appears in the message area of the status bar when the cursor is placed over the button in the toolbar. You can add or modify the help text in the text box.

Tip Text

displays the tip text that appears under the button when the cursor is placed over the button in the toolbar. You can add or modify the tip text in the text box.

Toolbar list box

lists the buttons, commands, help text and separators that are defined in the toolbar.

To close the dialog box, click on [OK].

To Add a Tool to the Toolbar

To add a tool to the toolbar, perform the following steps:

1. Do one of the following:
   • Click on the Add tool button to add a blank tool to the list box. Enter a SAS command in the Command text field.
   • For windows that have a set of predefined tools, such as the SAS Explorer window or the My Favorite Folders window, click on the Add tool down arrow and select Action. From the Add Action dialog box, select an action. This add a new action to the toolbar. You can enter multiple commands separated by semicolons.
   • Click on the Add tool down arrow and select Separator to add a separator to the toolbar.
2. Click on the Bitmap Browser button. Select a button in the Bitmap Browser dialog box, shown in Bitmap Browser Dialog Box, and click on [OK].
3. Enter text in the Help Text field that will appear in the message area of the status line when you select the tool from the toolbar.
4. Enter text in the Tip Text field that will appear under the button when you place the cursor over the button.
5. Position the tool in the listbox by clicking on Move Up and Move Down buttons.
6. When you are finished, click on the Save button. In the Save Tools dialog box, enter the library, catalog, and toolbox name. Then click on [OK].

Bitmap Browser Dialog Box

Removing a Tool from the Toolbar

To remove a tool from the toolbar, select the tool in the list box that you want to remove and click on the Remove Tool button. When you are finished, save the toolbar by clicking on the Save button.

Customizing and Saving a Toolbar for Use with a Particular Application or Window

Use the following procedure to customize a toolbar for use with a particular application or window:

1. Click in the application or window to make it the active window.
2. Customize the toolbar by adding and removing tools as described in previous sections.
3. When you are finished customizing the toolbar, click on the Save button. The Save Tools dialog box appears (as shown in Save Tools Dialog Box).
4. The SAS System completes the libref, catalog, and entry fields. Select the Save tools for window check box, where window is the active window, and then click on [OK].

   When you select the Save tools for window check box, the toolbar is associated with the particular application or window by using the same library, catalog, and entry name as the PMENU entry for the application or window. The SAS System first looks for toolbox entries in SASUSER.PROFILE before searching the application catalog.

Save Tools Dialog Box

If you save the toolbar so that it is associated with a particular application, SAS automatically loads the tools when that application's window is active.

You can use the TOOLLOAD command to load your custom toolbar manually. For more information about the TOOLLOAD command, see TOOLLOAD.

Resetting the Tools to the Default Settings

Click on the Restore Defaults button. The SAS System asks you to confirm that you want to restore to the default tool settings. When you click on [Yes], the tools are reset to their original settings (the settings that were in place when the SAS System was installed).

If a SAS System application defines a default toolbar for its application window, clicking on the Restore Defaults button restores the settings for that toolbar.

Examples of Useful Tools You Can Create

Suppose you want to create a tool that opens the SAS online documentation on the CD-ROM (SAS OnlineDoc). You would perform the following steps:

1. In the Customize page of the Customize Tools dialog box, click on the Add tool button. This creates a template for a new tool in the list box.
2. In the Command field, type sas onlinedoc which is the command for invoking the SAS OnlineDoc product. For more information about Windows-specific SAS commands and their options, see SAS Commands under Windows. For information about portable SAS commands, refer to SAS System Help.

   In the Help Text field, type Open the SAS OnlineDoc. In the Tip Text field, type SAS OnlineDoc.

3. Click on the Bitmap Browser button. From the Bitmap Browser dialog box, select a bitmap appropriate for the help action (such as a PC with text bitmap) and click on [OK].
4. Use Move Up and Move Down buttons to move the tool to the location you want on the toolbar.
5. Click on the Save button to save the tool with your default tool configuration.

The following are some examples of other tools that you might find useful to create:

PGM; CLEAR; INCLUDE C:\SAS\MYPROGRAM.SAS

includes a program that you use often into the Program Editor window for editing.

PGM; FILE C:\SAS\MYPROGRAM.SAS; CLEAR

saves a SAS program after you finish editing it and clears the Program Editor window.

PGM; CLEAR; INCLUDE C:\SAS\MYPROGRAM.SAS; SUBMIT

includes and submits a SAS program that you use often.

PGM; CLEAR; INCLUDE C:\SAS\SIGNON.SAS; SUBMIT

includes and submits a SAS program to sign on to a remote system. For example, to sign on to a remote MVS session, the SIGNON.SAS program might contain:

options comamid=ehllapi remote=mytso;
libname remtdata 'mylib.mydata.monthly';
signon;

For more information about signing on to remote sessions, see SAS/CONNECT User's Guide.

PGM; CLEAR; INCLUDE C:\SAS\DOWNLOAD.SAS; SUBMIT

includes and submits a SAS program to obtain a data set from a remote session. Assuming that you have already signed on to the remote session, DOWNLOAD.SAS might contain:

proc  obtain data=remtdata.june;
   /* where libname 'remtdata' is */
   /* already defined             */
run;

For more information about signing on to remote sessions, see SAS/CONNECT User's Guide.

TOOLLOAD BAR SASUSER.PROFILE.MORTOOLS

loads a different toolbar (that you created) containing another collection of tools.

Copyright 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.

Opens, manages, or closes the HTML destination. If the destination is open, you can create HTML output (output that is written in Hypertext Markup Language).

An action takes some action regarding selection and exclusion lists, or closes the HTML destination. action can be one of the following:


 CLOSE

closes the HTML destination and any files that are associated with it. When an ODS destination is closed, ODS does not send output to that destination. Closing an unneeded destination frees some system resources.


 EXCLUDE exclusion(s) | ALL | NONE

excludes output objects from the HTML destination.


 SELECT selection(s) | ALL | NONE

selects output objects for the HTML destination.


 SHOW

writes to the SAS log the current selection or exclusion list for the HTML destination. If the list is the default list (SELECT ALL), SHOW also writes the current overall selection or exclusion list.

Restriction:

The HTML destination must be open for this action to take effect.

If you do not specify an action, you must use an HTML-file-specification.

HTML-file-specification

opens the HTML destination and specifies the HTML file or files to write to. These files remain open until you either

• close the HTML destination with ODS HTML CLOSE
• specify another file to write to instead.

You can specify up to four HTML files to write to. The specifications for these files have the following form:

file-type=file-specification<(file-specification-suboption(s))>

where

file-type=file-specification

associates a type of HTML file with a particular file. file-type can be one of the following:

BODY=

identifies the file that contains the HTML output.

CONTENTS=

identifies the file that contains a table of contents to the HTML output. The contents file links to the body file.

FRAME=

identifies the file that integrates the table of contents, the page contents, and the body file. If you open the frame file, you see a table of contents, a table of pages, or both, as well as the body file.

PAGE=

identifies the file that contains a description of each page of the body file and links to the body file. ODS produces a new page of output whenever a procedure explicitly asks for a new page. The SAS system option PAGESIZE= has no effect on pages in HTML output.

file-specification identifies the file or SAS catalog to write to. It can be one of the following:

'external-file'

is the name of an external file to write to.

fileref

is a fileref that has been assigned to an external file. Use the FILENAME statement to assign a fileref. (For information on the FILENAME statement, see the section on statements in SAS Language Reference: Dictionary.)

entry.HTML

specifies an entry in a SAS catalog to write to.

Interaction:

If you specify an entry name, you must also specify a library and catalog. See the discussion of PATH=.

file-specification-suboptions

provide instructions for writing the HTML files. You specify these options inside parentheses next to the file-specification in the BODY=, CONTENTS=, PAGE=, or FRAME= option.

NO_BOTTOM_MATTER

By default, when you close a file that was open for HTML output, ODS writes some HTML to the bottom of the file. This HTML ends the file so that the HTML is valid and can be cleanly viewed in a browser.

If you wish to leave a body file in a state that you can append to with ODS, use NO_BOTTOM_MATTER with the file-specification in the BODY= option in the ODS HTML statement that opens the file. This option, in conjunction with NO_TOP_MATTER, makes it possible for you to add output to a file that already exists and to put your own HTML code in the file between output objects.

Alias:	NOBOT
Interaction:	When you are opening a file that ODS has previously written to, you must use ANCHOR= to specify a new base name for the anchors to avoid duplicating anchors that already exist in the file (see the discussion of ANCHOR=).
Tip:	Appending to an external file requires that you use a FILENAME statement with the appropriate option for the host operating environment.
See also:	NO_TOP_MATTER
Featured in:	Appending to HTML Files

NO_TOP_MATTER

By default, when you open a file to create HTML output, ODS writes some HTML to the top of the file.

If ODS has already written to the body file that you are opening, you must open the file with NO_TOP_MATTER in the file-specification in the BODY= option in the ODS HTML statement that opens the file. This suboption, in conjunction with NO_BOTTOM_MATTER, makes it possible for you to add output to a file that already exists and to put your own HTML code in the file between output objects.

Alias:	NOTOP
Interaction:	When you are opening a file that ODS has previously written to, you must use ANCHOR= to specify a new base name for the anchors to avoid duplicating anchors that already exist in the file (see the discussion of ANCHOR=).
Tip:	Appending to an external file requires that you use a FILENAME statement with the appropriate option for the host operating environment.
See also:	NO_BOTTOM_MATTER
Featured in:	Appending to HTML Files

URL='Uniform-Resource-Locator'

provides a URL for file-specification. ODS uses this URL instead of the file name in all the links and references that it creates that point to the file.

Tip:	This option is useful for building HTML files that may be moved from one location to another. If the links from the contents and page files are constructed with a simple URL (one name), they work as long as the contents, page, and body files are all in the same location.
Tip:	You never need to specify this suboption with FRAME= because no ODS file references the frame file.
See also:	HTML Links and References

DYNAMIC

enables you to send HTML output directly to a web server instead of writing it to a file. This option sets the value of the HTMLCONTENTTYPE= attribute.

Default:	If you do not specify DYNAMIC, ODS sets the value of HTMLCONTENTTYPE= for writing to a file.
Restriction:	If you specify the DYNAMIC suboption with any file specification in the ODS HTML statement, you must specify it for all the file specifications in the statement.

Interaction:

HTML-file-specification is required if the HTML destination is closed.


 ANCHOR='anchor-name'

specifies the base name for the HTML anchor tag that identifies each output object in the current body file. Each output object must have an anchor tag for the contents, page, and frame files to link to or to reference. The links and references, which are automatically created by ODS, point to the name of an anchor. Therefore, each anchor name in a file must be unique.

ODS creates unique anchor names by incrementing the name that you specify. For example, if you specify ANCHOR='tabulate', ODS names the first anchor tabulate. The second anchor is named tabulate1; the third is named tabulate2, and so on.

You can change anchor names as often as you like by submitting the ANCHOR= option in an ODS HTML statement anywhere in your program. Once you have specified an anchor name, it remains in effect until you specify a new one.

Default:	IDX
Interaction:	If you open an HTML file to append to it, be sure to specify a new anchor so that you don't write the same anchors to the file again. ODS cannot know about anchors that are already in a file when it opens the file.
Tip:	Specifying new anchor names at various points in your program is useful when you want other web pages to link to specific parts of your HTML output. Because you can control where the anchor name changes, you know ahead of time what the anchor name will be at those points.
See also:	How ODS Constructs Links and References
Featured in:	Appending to HTML Files


BASE='string'

Specifies a string to use as the first part of all links and references that ODS creates in the HTML files. Consider this specification:

BASE='http://www.your-company.com/local-url/'

In this case, ODS creates links that begin with the string http://www.your-company.com/local-url/. The appropriate anchor-name completes the link.

GFOOTNOTE | NOGFOOTNOTE

controls the destination of the footnotes that are defined by the graphics program that generates the HTML output. GFOOTNOTE includes all the currently defined footnotes within the graphics output (the GIF file) that is called by the body file. NOGFOOTNOTE suppresses all the currently defined footnotes from appearing in the GIF files. Instead, they become part of the body file.

Default:	GFOOTNOTE
Restriction:	Footnotes that are displayed by ODS HTML support most SAS/GRAPH FOOTNOTE statement options. The font must be valid for the browser. Options that ODS cannot handle, such as height and text angle specifications, are ignored. For details, see "TITLE, FOOTNOTE, and NOTE Statements" in "SAS/GRAPH Statements" in SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference.
Restriction:	This option applies only to SAS programs that produce one or more GIF files.

GPATH=file-specification <(url='Uniform-Resource-Locator' | NONE)>

specifies the destination for all graphics output that is generated while the HTML destination is open.

file-specification

identifies the file or SAS catalog to write to. If you specify a file, it should be an aggregate storage location, such as a directory or partitioned data set. Each output object that ODS places in the file is named automatically using the SAS/GRAPH catalog entry name as the base name and incrementing the name as necessary. For more information on how ODS names catalog entries and external files, see "ODS HTML Statement" in "SAS/GRAPH Statements" in SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference.

file-specification can be one of the following:

'external-file'

is the name of an external file to write to.

fileref

is a fileref that has been assigned to an external file. Use the FILENAME statement to assign a fileref. (For information on the FILENAME statement, see the section on statements in SAS Language Reference: Dictionary).

libref.catalog

specifies a SAS catalog to write to.

URL='Uniform-Resource-Locator' | NONE

provides a URL for file-specification. ODS uses this URL instead of the file name in all the links and references that it creates to the file. If you specify the keyword NONE, no information from the GPATH= option appears in the links or references.

Default:

If you omit GPATH=, ODS stores graphics in the location that is specified by PATH=. (See the discussion of PATH=.) If you do not specify PATH=, ODS stores the graphics in the current directory.

GTITLE | NOGTITLE

controls the destination of the titles that are defined by the graphics program that generates the HTML output. GTITLE includes all the currently defined titles within the graphics output that is called by the body file. NOGTITLE suppresses all the currently defined titles from appearing in the graphics output. Instead, they become part of the body file.

Default:	GTITLE
Restriction:	Titles that are displayed by ODS HTML support most SAS/GRAPH TITLE statement options. The font must be valid for the browser. Options that ODS cannot handle, such as height and text angle specifications, are ignored. For details, see "TITLE, FOOTNOTE, and NOTE Statements" in "SAS/GRAPH Statements" in SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference.
Restriction:	This option applies only to SAS programs that produce one or more GIF files.


 HEADTEXT='HTML-for-document-head'

specifies HTML to place between the <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags in all the HTML files that the HTML destination writes to. Use HEADTEXT= to define programs (for example, java scripts) that you can use later in the file.

Tip:	ODS cannot parse the HTML that you supply. It should be well-formed HTML that makes sense in the context of the <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags. For information on HTML, refer to one of the many reference books that are available on the subject.


METATEXT='HTML-for-document-head'

specifies HTML to use as the <META> tag between the <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags of all the HTML files that the HTML destination writes to. This HTML provides the browser with information about the document that it is loading. This information could include things like the content-type and the character set to use. For information on HTML, refer to one of the many reference books that are available on the subject.

Default:	If you do not specify METATEXT=, ODS writes a simple <META> tag, which includes the content-type of the document and the character set to use, to all the HTML files that it creates.
Tip:	ODS cannot parse the HTML that you supply. It should be well-formed HTML that makes sense in the context of the <HEAD> tags. If you are using METATEXT= as it is intended, your HTML should look like this: <META your-metatext-which-could-be-very-long>


 NEWFILE=<starting-point>

creates a new body file at the specified starting-point. ODS automatically names new files by incrementing the name of the body file. For example, if you specify BODY='REPORT.HTML', ODS names the first body file REPORT.HTML. Additional body files are named REPORT1.HTML, REPORT2.HTML, and so forth. If you end the file name with a digit, ODS begins incrementing with that digit. For instance, if you specify BODY='MAY5.HTML', ODS names the first body file MAY5.HTML. Additional body files are named MAY6.HTML, MAY7.HTML, and so forth.

starting-point can be one of the following:

NONE

writes all output to the body file that is currently open.

OUTPUT

starts a new body file for each output object. For SAS/GRAPH this means that ODS creates a new file for each GRSEG or GIF file that the program generates.

PAGE

starts a new body file for each page of output. A page break occurs when a procedure explicitly starts a new page (not because the page size was exceeded) or when you start a new procedure.

PROC

starts a new body file each time that you start a new procedure.

NOGFOOTNOTE

See the discussion of GFOOTNOTE | NOGFOOTNOTE.

NOGTITLE

See the discussion of GTITLE | NOGTITLE.


 PATH=file-specification<(URL='Uniform-Resource-Locator' | NONE)>

specifies the location (an external file or a SAS catalog) for all HTML files.

file-specification

identifies the file or SAS catalog to write to. If you specify a file, it should be an aggregate storage location, such as a directory or partitioned data set.

file-specification can be one of the following:

'external-file'

is the name of an external file to write to.

fileref

is a fileref that has been assigned to an external file. Use the FILENAME statement to assign a fileref. (For information on the FILENAME statement, see the section on statements in SAS Language Reference: Dictionary).

libname.catalog

specifies a SAS catalog to write to.

URL='Uniform-Resource-Locator' | NONE

provides a URL for file-specification. ODS uses this URL instead of the file name in all the links and references that it creates to the file. If you specify the keyword NONE, no information from the PATH= option appears in the links or references.


 RECORD_SEPARATOR='string' | NONE

specifies an alternative record separator for the HTML files. A record separator is the character or string that separates lines in the HTML files.

Different operating environments use different separator characters. If you don't specify a record separator, the HTML files are formatted for the environment that you run the SAS job in. However, if you are generating files in one operating environment for viewing in another operating environment that uses a different separator character, you can specify a record separator that is appropriate for the target environment.

'string'

is the hexadecimal representation of one or more characters. For example, the following option specifies a record-separator of a carriage-return character and a linefeed character (on an ASCII file system):

RECORD_SEPARATOR='0D0A'x

NONE

produces HTML that is appropriate for the environment that you run the SAS job in. In many operating environments, using a value of NONE is the same as omitting the RECORD_SEPARATOR option. However, in mainframe operating environments, it is not.

Operating Environment Information:   In a mainframe environment, by default, ODS produces a binary file that contains embedded record-separator characters. While this approach means that the file is not restricted by the line-length restrictions on ASCII files, it also means that if you view the file in an editor, the lines all run together.

If you want to format the HTML files so that you can read them with an editor, use RECORD_SEPARATOR=NONE. In this case, ODS writes one line of HTML at a time to the file. When you use a value of NONE, the logical record length of the file that you are writing to must be at least as long as the longest line that ODS produces. If it isn't, the HTML may wrap to another line at an inappropriate place.  

STYLE='style-definition'

specifies the style definition to use in writing the HTML files. For more information, see Style Definitions, Style Elements, and Style Attributes.

Default:	If you do not specify a style definition, ODS uses the file that is specified in the SAS registry subkey By default, this value specifies styles.default.
Featured in:	Appending to HTML Files


TRANTAB='translation-table'

translates the HTML files to the requested represention. This option is particularly useful if you are creating files, for example, on an EBCDIC-based operating system and if the files are destined for an ASCII-based web server. If you use TRANTAB=, you can transfer the files in binary mode because they are already in the appropriate representation. (SAS facilities for changing translation tables are much more flexible than those of FTP, for example.)

translation-table can be any translation table that SAS provides or any user-defined translation table.

See also:

For information on translation tables, see the documentation of the TRANTAB= system option in the section on system options in SAS Language Reference: Dictionary. For information on creating, editing, and displaying customized translation tables, see "The TRANTAB Procedure" in SAS Procedures Guide. You can also use PROC TRANTAB to view and modify translation tables that are supplied by SAS Institute.

Copyright 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.

Study Design

We conducted a prospective systems-based intervention study on inpatient units at nine pediatric residency training programs in the United States and Canada, after receiving approval from the institutional review boards at all participating institutions. Each site was assigned to one of three staggered intervention and data-collection waves from January 2011 through May 2013. At each site, we measured preintervention outcomes of interest for a 6-month period. During the following 6 months, the intervention was implemented. Six months of postintervention data collection followed, matched by time of year to the preintervention data collection at that site. Data on medical errors, the quality of written and oral handoffs (as described below), and demographic characteristics and medical complexity were collected for all patients on the study units. During the intervention, all residents received training in handoff practices and were required to use I-PASS handoff processes while working on study units. However, only residents who provided written informed consent contributed additional observational, demographic, and survey data. Residents were offered small incentives (e.g., cookies and gift cards) to provide data.

Study Institutions

Nine pediatric residency training programs, ranging in size from 36 to 182 residents, were identified as data-collection sites through professional academic networks, as described elsewhere.¹⁴ Each site determined which study unit (all non–intensive care units) to include in the intervention. There was heterogeneity across sites with regard to medical complexity among patients. At baseline, no sites had a standardized handoff program in place.¹²

Intervention

We developed the I-PASS Handoff Bundle through an iterative process based on the best evidence from the literature, our previous experience, and our previously published conceptual model.^12,14 The I-PASS Handoff Bundle included the following seven elements: the I-PASS mnemonic, which served as an anchoring component for oral and written handoffs and all aspects of the curriculum¹³; a 2-hour workshop¹⁵ (to teach TeamSTEPPS¹⁶ teamwork and communication skills, as well as I-PASS handoff techniques), which was highly rated¹²; a 1-hour role-playing and simulation session¹⁷ for practicing skills from the workshop; a computer module¹⁸ to allow for independent learning; a faculty development program^19,20; direct-observation tools²¹ used by faculty to provide feedback to residents; and a process-change and culture-change campaign,²² which included a logo, posters, and other materials to ensure program adoption and sustainability. A detailed description of all curricular elements and the I-PASS mnemonic have been published elsewhere and are provided in Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.^{12,15,17-19,21-23} I-PASS is copyrighted by Boston Children’s Hospital, but all materials are freely available.

Each site integrated the I-PASS structure into oral and written handoff processes; an oral handoff and a written handoff were expected for every patient. Written handoff tools with a standardized I-PASS format were built into the electronic medical record programs (at seven sites) or word-processing programs (at two sites). Each site also maintained an implementation log that was reviewed regularly to ensure adherence to each component of the handoff program.

Study Outcomes

Medical Errors and Adverse Events

We used a well-established surveillance process^24-28 to measure our two-component primary outcome: rates of medical errors (preventable failures in processes of care) and preventable adverse events (unintended consequences of medical care that lead to patient harm). We also assessed nonpreventable adverse events, which were not expected to change after the intervention. At each site, a research nurse reviewed all medical records and orders on the study unit 5 days per week (Monday reviews included a review of the weekend), formal incident reports from the hospital incident-reporting system, solicited reports from nurses working on the study unit, and daily medical-error reports from residents, collected through daily postshift surveys. Two physician investigators who were unaware of whether a given incident occurred before or after the intervention classified each suspected incident as an adverse event (i.e., harm due to medical care), a near miss or error with little potential for harm, or an exclusion (i.e., an incident determined to be neither a medical error nor an adverse event) (70% agreement; kappa, 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44 to 0.50). Physician reviewers further classified all adverse events as preventable (i.e., due to a medical error) or nonpreventable (i.e., due to a medical intervention with no error in the medical care delivery process) (72% agreement; kappa, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.52). Discordant classifications were reconciled by discussion between the paired reviewers. Examples of errors and events are provided in Tables S2A and S2B in the Supplementary Appendix.

Assessment of Written and Oral Handoffs

Each handoff consisted of both a written document and an in-person oral communication between residents. We collected copies of all written handoff documents on each weekday morning and evening at each site and audiotaped evening oral handoffs when a research assistant was present conducting time–motion observations (further details are given below). Research nurses who were aware of the intervention period evaluated a random sample of written handoff documents (a total of 432, or 24 per study period per site [half from the morning, half from the evening]) and audio recordings of oral handoffs (a total of 207, or approximately 12 per study period per site) for the presence of key handoff data elements. We compared the rates of inclusion of these elements within the document or recording for each patient before and after the intervention.

Resident Workflow Patterns and Satisfaction

We conducted time–motion observations throughout the preintervention and postintervention periods to measure the time spent by residents in various activities. Our primary interest was the time spent at the computer, conducting handoffs, and in direct patient care. To collect these data, research assistants followed individual residents for 8 to 12 hours, recording start and stop times for all activities with the use of a Microsoft Access database that included 12 major and 114 minor possible activities. Observation blocks included a representative ratio of hours from all 24 hours of the day and weekdays versus weekends. In addition, an end-of-rotation survey was administered to each resident to assess perceptions of handoff training.

Statistical Analysis

We compared medical-error rates before and after the intervention by means of Poisson regression, with a dichotomous covariate for before versus after the intervention and a fixed effect for site. We compared the percentage of written and oral handoffs (individual patient entries and discussions) that included key data elements with the use of generalized-estimating-equation z-tests that accounted for clustering based on the date of the handoff discussion or document with a fixed effect for site.^29,30 To compare time–motion data before and after the intervention, we used a generalized-estimating-equation z-test, accounting for clustering according to observation session with a fixed effect for site. This approach was based on a Dirichlet distribution, which is a distribution for the percentage of time that a continuous variable (in this case, time) is in each category. When the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was used, two-sided P values of less than 0.025 were considered to indicate statistical significance for the two-part primary hypothesis test (postintervention change in rates of overall medical errors and postintervention change in rates of preventable adverse events across all sites). Because the other tests of hypotheses (for the main outcomes within each site as well as other outcomes overall and within each site) were more exploratory in nature, the Bonferroni correction was not used, and two-sided P values of less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. All analyses were completed with the use of SAS/STAT software, version 9.2 (SAS Institute).

On the basis of data from our single-site study,¹¹ we determined that 6 months of data collection at each site would be sufficient for more than 90% power to detect a 20% relative reduction in overall error rates and for 80% power to detect a 28% relative reduction in the rate of preventable adverse events at each site (alpha level of 0.025 with the use of a Bonferroni correction).

*Each client may report lobbying on multiple issues.

Inaugural winners honored for data preparation, analysis and presentation

CARY, N.C., July 27, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Are tourists flocking to the settings of their favorite Netflix shows and movies? The curious connection between the streaming service and European tourism was one of the many Topics explored in the inaugural SAS Curiosity Cup. The global data science competition, sponsored by analytics leader SAS, challenged the next generation of analytics experts to explore, analyze and learn from data on Topics that inspired their curiosity.

With the SAS Curiosity Cup, we look forward to nurturing the curiosity of future data scientists for years to come.

Using SAS^® software, student teams from around the world researched Topics ranging from mental health and energy to entertainment and fraud. Over 90 student teams from 18 countries competed for the honor, with presentations judged by industry experts in three categories: data preparation, data analysis and data presentation.

"SAS is the founder and future of analytics. Our strong legacy underscores the former, and our commitment to empowering young minds like this year's participants is what secures the latter," said Lynn Letukas, Senior Director of Global Academic Programs and Certifications at SAS. "We are immensely proud of all our 2022 participants and look forward to developing and nurturing the curiosity of future data scientists for years to come."

Curiosity Cup competitors could use free learning resources, such as SAS^® Viya^® for Learners or SAS OnDemand for Academics, or SAS software licensed from their university. Viya for Learners and OnDemand for Academics are available to all higher education students through SAS Skill Builder for Students, a new global program that students can access 24/7 to learn analytics skills, earn valuable certifications sought by employers, and find ways to connect with potential employment opportunities.

The champions, which are highlighted on the SAS Curiosity Cup page, were:

• Data Preparation: Team OverSeAs from the University of Padua, Italy – Depression: Does Caregiving Put You at Risk? A European-Wide Study
• Data Analysis: Team TheAristoSAS from the University of Bologna, Italy – Two Possible Approaches for the DASS (Depression, Anxiety and Stress) Dataset
• Data Presentation: Team Data Campers from the IESEG School of Management, France – Influence of Netflix Shows in European Tourism 

"The SAS Curiosity Cup was definitely an occasion where we grew in programming, teamwork and the ability to perform a complete analysis," said Sara Rinaldinii, member of team TheAristoSAS. "For the first time, we had the possibility to grapple with real data and be able to outline the analysis in its entirety, without a specific assignment, deciding for ourselves the best method."

All teams had two to four students with a faculty advisor. Teams chose their own SAS learning software, data and analytical questions for the free competition. Judges scored entries based on data preparation, analysis and presentation, in addition to subject matter knowledge. Winning teams received 12 months of free access to the SAS Academy for Data Science and a SAS digital badge acknowledging winner status.

Learn more about how SAS Academic Programs and SAS Skill Builder for Students are creating the next generation of analytics experts. Details on the 2023 competition will be available in the fall.

About SAS  
SAS is the leader in analytics. Through innovative software and services, SAS empowers and inspires customers around the world to transform data into intelligence. SAS gives you THE POWER TO KNOW^®.

SAS and all other SAS Institute Inc. product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute Inc. in the USA and other countries. ® indicates USA registration. Other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective companies. Copyright © 2022 SAS Institute Inc. All rights reserved. 

Editorial Contact: 
Trent Smith 
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